{"doi":"10.1128/jvi.01749-19","title":"The High Content of Fructose in Human Semen Competitively Inhibits Broad and Potent Antivirals That Target High-Mannose Glycans","abstract":"Biological secretions allow viruses to spread between individuals. Each type of secretion has a unique composition of proteins, salts, and sugars, which can affect the infectivity potential of the virus and inhibition of this process. Here, we describe HIV-1 infection and inhibition in whole human seminal plasma and a synthetic simulant that we formulated. We discovered that the sugar fructose in semen decreases the activity of a broad and potent class of antiviral agents that target mannose sugars on the envelope protein of HIV-1. This effect of semen fructose likely reduces the efficacy of such inhibitors to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV-1. Our findings suggest that the preclinical evaluation of microbicides and vaccine-elicited antibodies will be improved by their in vitro assessment in synthetic formulations that simulate the effects of semen on HIV-1 infection and inhibition.","journal":"Journal of Virology","year":2020,"id":76682,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":20,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9504,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":401004,"name":"Manuel G. Flores","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":401005,"name":"J. C. Rosa","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350330,"name":"Changze Han","orcid":"0000-0003-4863-2683","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":399805,"name":"Alicia M. Salvi","orcid":"0000-0003-2068-9653","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":399806,"name":"Kris A. DeMali","orcid":"0000-0003-0906-1371","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":401006,"name":"Jennifer R. Jagnow","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":399807,"name":"Amy E. Sparks","orcid":"0000-0002-6401-2452","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350335,"name":"Hillel Haim","orcid":"0000-0002-6071-5089","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":379687,"name":"Jacklyn Johnson","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":107,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:48:27.511277Z","pmid":"32102878","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}