{"doi":"10.1128/jvi.01129-09","title":"Palmitoylation of the Influenza A Virus M2 Protein Is Not Required for Virus Replication In Vitro but Contributes to Virus Virulence","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The influenza A virus M2 protein has important roles during virus entry and in the assembly of infectious virus particles. The cytoplasmic tail of the protein can be palmitoylated at a cysteine residue, but this residue is not conserved in a number of human influenza A virus isolates. Recombinant viruses encoding M2 proteins with a serine substituted for the cysteine at position 50 were generated in the A/WSN/33 (H1N1) and A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) genetic backgrounds. The recombinant viruses were not attenuated for replication in MDCK cells, Calu-3 cells, or in primary differentiated murine trachea epithelial cell cultures, indicating there was no significant contribution of M2 palmitoylation to virus replication in vitro. The A/WSN/33 M2C50S virus displayed a slightly reduced virulence after infection of mice, suggesting that there may be novel functions for M2 palmitoylation during in vivo infection.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Virology","year":2009,"id":18449,"datarank":2.7603571944315637,"base_score":4.127134385045092,"endowment":4.127134385045092,"self_citation_contribution":0.6190701577567639,"citation_network_contribution":2.1412870366748,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6190701577567639,"citer_contribution":2.1412870366748,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":61,"citer_count":53,"citers_with_citation_signal":50,"citers_with_endowment":50,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":128197,"name":"Wai-Hong Wu","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":128198,"name":"Erin N. Lalime","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":128199,"name":"Maria E. Lorenzo","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104954,"name":"Sabra L. Klein","orcid":"0000-0002-0730-5224","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":128200,"name":"Andrew Pekosz","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":128196,"name":"Michael L. Grantham","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.127134385045092,"endowment":4.127134385045092,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19553312","pmcid":"PMC2738213","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2080306335","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 AI061253","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"AI007417","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"AI053629","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 AI053629","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"AI061253","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"T32 AI007417","title":null}],"total_grants":6,"fwci":3.8122,"citation_percentile":0.93538026,"influential_citations":2,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":4},{"year":2013,"count":6},{"year":2014,"count":4},{"year":2015,"count":4},{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":2},{"year":2018,"count":4},{"year":2019,"count":8},{"year":2020,"count":3},{"year":2021,"count":4},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"green","license":"https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2738213","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2738213?pdf=render","host_type":"GREEN"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2738213","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/JVI.01129-09","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01129-09","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19553312","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Influenza Virus Research Studies","Respiratory viral infections research","interferon and immune responses","Medicine","Biology","Amino Acid Substitution","Animals","Body Weight","Cell Line","Cells, Cultured","Dogs","Humans","Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype","Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype","Lipoylation","Lung","Mice","Mutagenesis, Site-Directed","Orthomyxoviridae Infections","Survival Analysis","Viral Matrix Proteins","Virulence","Virulence Factors","Virus Replication","Viroporin Proteins"],"mesh_terms":["Viroporin Proteins","Animals","Body Weight","Cell Line","Cells, Cultured","Dogs","Humans","Lung","Orthomyxoviridae Infections","Viral Matrix Proteins","Virulence","Virus Replication","Survival Analysis","Mutagenesis, Site-Directed","Amino Acid Substitution","Virulence Factors","Mice","Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype","Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype","Lipoylation"],"keywords":["Biology","Palmitoylation","Virus","Virology","Viral replication","Influenza A virus","Virulence","VP40","Recombinant virus","Recombinant DNA","Viral matrix protein","Reverse genetics","In vitro","Orthomyxoviridae","Antibody-dependent enhancement","Microbiology","Cysteine","Gene","Mutant","Genetics","Enzyme","Biochemistry"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-03T22:05:12.085242Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}