{"doi":"10.1128/jvi.00599-07","title":"IRF-1 Is Required for Full NF-κB Transcriptional Activity at the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Long Terminal Repeat Enhancer","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is controlled by a complex interplay between viral and host factors. We have previously shown that interferon-regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is stimulated early after HIV-1 infection and regulates promoter transcriptional activity even in the absence of the viral transactivator Tat. In this work we demonstrate that IRF-1 is also required for full NF-κB transcriptional activity. We provide evidence that IRF-1 and NF-κB form a functional complex at the long terminal repeat (LTR) κB sites, which is abolished by specific mutations in the two adjacent κB sites in the enhancer region. Silencing IRF-1 with small interfering RNA resulted in impaired NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activity and in repressed HIV-1 transcription early in de novo-infected T cells. These data indicate that in early phases of HIV-1 infection or during virus reactivation from latency, when the viral transactivator is absent or present at very low levels, IRF-1 is an additional component of the p50/p65 heterodimer binding the LTR enhancer, absolutely required for efficient HIV-1 replication.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Virology","year":2008,"id":14733,"datarank":3.5104317049748723,"base_score":4.5217885770490405,"endowment":4.5217885770490405,"self_citation_contribution":0.6782682865573562,"citation_network_contribution":2.832163418417516,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6782682865573562,"citer_contribution":2.832163418417516,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":91,"citer_count":75,"citers_with_citation_signal":69,"citers_with_endowment":69,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":115141,"name":"Anna L. 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