{"doi":"10.1128/jvi.00293-20","title":"Differential Vpu-Mediated CD4 and Tetherin Downregulation Functions among Major HIV-1 Group M Subtypes","abstract":"The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu enhances viral spread by downregulating CD4 and BST-2/tetherin on the surface of infected cells. Natural variability in these Vpu functions may contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis, but this has not been investigated among the diverse viral subtypes that contribute to the HIV-1 pandemic. In this study, we found that Vpu function differs significantly among HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, and D. On average, subtype C clones displayed the lowest ability to downregulate both CD4 and tetherin, while subtype B and D clones were more functional. We also identified Vpu polymorphisms that associate with functional differences among HIV-1 isolates and subtypes. Our study suggests that genetic diversity in Vpu may play an important role in the differential pathogenesis and/or spread of HIV-1.","journal":"Journal of Virology","year":2020,"id":88167,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9525,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":447314,"name":"Kyle D. Cobarrubias","orcid":"0000-0003-3005-5240","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448317,"name":"Sandali Chandrarathna","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":440230,"name":"Steven W. Jin","orcid":"0000-0003-4091-9954","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448318,"name":"Nicole Reddy","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447315,"name":"Helen Byakwaga","orcid":"0000-0002-4799-1564","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":399943,"name":"Conrad Muzoora","orcid":"0000-0002-7866-5198","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":399942,"name":"Mwebesa Bwana","orcid":"0000-0002-9189-3937","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355439,"name":"Guinevere Q. Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-9412-886X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":239685,"name":"Peter W. Hunt","orcid":"0000-0002-4571-4870","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448319,"name":"Jeff Martin","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":440231,"name":"Chanson J. Brumme","orcid":"0000-0003-2722-5288","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":371102,"name":"David R. Bangsberg","orcid":"0000-0002-6352-8908","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":288614,"name":"Etienne Karita","orcid":"0000-0001-9475-5436","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":321611,"name":"Susan Allen","orcid":"0000-0002-9150-3898","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253823,"name":"Eric Hunter","orcid":"0000-0002-4273-8631","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":252002,"name":"Thumbi Ndung’u","orcid":"0000-0003-2962-3992","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36840,"name":"Zabrina L. Brumme","orcid":"0000-0002-8157-1037","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":440232,"name":"Mark A. Brockman","orcid":"0000-0001-6432-1426","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":447313,"name":"Gisele Umviligihozo","orcid":"0000-0001-9841-1040","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":55,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:00:56.736935Z","pmid":"32376625","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}