{"doi":"10.1128/jcm.00478-07","title":"Isolation and Propagation of the Ap-Variant 1 Strain of\n            <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>\n            in a Tick Cell Line","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The first tissue culture isolates of the unique\n            <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</jats:italic>\n            strain, Ap-Variant 1, were obtained in the\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis</jats:italic>\n            tick-derived cell line ISE6. Two isolates were from goat blood samples: one from a goat infected with\n            <jats:italic>I. scapularis</jats:italic>\n            ticks from Rhode Island and a second from a goat infected by serial passage of blood from the first infected goat. Eight isolates were made directly from\n            <jats:italic>I. scapularis</jats:italic>\n            ticks collected from white-tailed deer in Minnesota and represent the first isolations of an\n            <jats:italic>Anaplasma</jats:italic>\n            species directly from ticks. Each of the 10 isolates had a 16S rRNA gene sequence identical to that previously described for Ap-Variant 1, but differences within the\n            <jats:italic>ank</jats:italic>\n            gene were found that suggest natural variation. Prevalence of\n            <jats:italic>Anaplasma</jats:italic>\n            in the Minnesota ticks was 63.9%; 23 of 36 ticks tested by PCR were positive. Six of the tick-derived isolates were obtained from a set of 18 PCR-positive ticks, for a 33.3% isolation success rate. The conservation of host tropism among the Rhode Island and Minnesota isolates of Ap-Variant 1 was examined by use of experimental infections of mice and a goat. A Minnesota tick-derived isolate (MN-61-2) was used to inoculate naïve animals, and this isolate was able to infect a goat but unable to infect each of five mice, confirming that the Minnesota isolates have the same host tropism as Ap-Variant 1 from the northeastern United States. Light and electron microscopy of the Ap-Variant 1 isolate MN-61-2 in ISE6 cells showed cytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum</jats:italic>\n            with pleomorphic bacteria in membrane-bound vacuoles and both electron-dense and electron-lucent forms.\n          </jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology","year":2007,"id":664077,"datarank":4.0961120915064395,"base_score":4.3694478524670215,"endowment":4.3694478524670215,"self_citation_contribution":0.6554171778700533,"citation_network_contribution":3.4406949136363867,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6554171778700533,"citer_contribution":3.4406949136363867,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":78,"citer_count":68,"citers_with_citation_signal":57,"citers_with_endowment":57,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":311680,"name":"Michael L. Levin","orcid":"0000-0002-1403-6771","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":304871,"name":"Ulrike G. Munderloh","orcid":"0000-0001-7935-2874","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":87388,"name":"David J. Silverman","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1733937,"name":"Meghan J. Lynch","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1733938,"name":"Jariyanart K. Gaywee","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":209693,"name":"Timothy J. Kurtti","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1730954,"name":"Robert F. Massung","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Isolation and Propagation of the Ap-Variant 1 Strain of\n            <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>\n            in a Tick Cell Line","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The first tissue culture isolates of the unique\n            <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</jats:italic>\n            strain, Ap-Variant 1, were obtained in the\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis</jats:italic>\n            tick-derived cell line ISE6. Two isolates were from goat blood samples: one from a goat infected with\n            <jats:italic>I. scapularis</jats:italic>\n            ticks from Rhode Island and a second from a goat infected by serial passage of blood from the first infected goat. Eight isolates were made directly from\n            <jats:italic>I. scapularis</jats:italic>\n            ticks collected from white-tailed deer in Minnesota and represent the first isolations of an\n            <jats:italic>Anaplasma</jats:italic>\n            species directly from ticks. Each of the 10 isolates had a 16S rRNA gene sequence identical to that previously described for Ap-Variant 1, but differences within the\n            <jats:italic>ank</jats:italic>\n            gene were found that suggest natural variation. Prevalence of\n            <jats:italic>Anaplasma</jats:italic>\n            in the Minnesota ticks was 63.9%; 23 of 36 ticks tested by PCR were positive. Six of the tick-derived isolates were obtained from a set of 18 PCR-positive ticks, for a 33.3% isolation success rate. The conservation of host tropism among the Rhode Island and Minnesota isolates of Ap-Variant 1 was examined by use of experimental infections of mice and a goat. A Minnesota tick-derived isolate (MN-61-2) was used to inoculate naïve animals, and this isolate was able to infect a goat but unable to infect each of five mice, confirming that the Minnesota isolates have the same host tropism as Ap-Variant 1 from the northeastern United States. Light and electron microscopy of the Ap-Variant 1 isolate MN-61-2 in ISE6 cells showed cytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum</jats:italic>\n            with pleomorphic bacteria in membrane-bound vacuoles and both electron-dense and electron-lucent forms.\n          </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.3694478524670215,"endowment":4.3694478524670215,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"17475757","pmcid":"PMC1932999","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2113889701","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 AI042792","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"5R01-AI042792","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":1.6353,"citation_percentile":0.81469597,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":5},{"year":2013,"count":2},{"year":2014,"count":4},{"year":2015,"count":7},{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":4},{"year":2018,"count":3},{"year":2019,"count":4},{"year":2020,"count":9},{"year":2021,"count":10},{"year":2022,"count":4},{"year":2023,"count":7},{"year":2024,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":2},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"green","license":"https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1932999","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1932999","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/JCM.00478-07","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00478-07","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17475757","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Vector-borne infectious diseases","Viral Infections and Vectors","Insect and Pesticide Research","Anaplasma phagocytophilum","Animals","Cell Line","Ehrlichiosis","Female","Goat Diseases","Goats","Mice","Phylogeny","RNA, Ribosomal, 16S","Ticks"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Cell Line","Female","Goats","Phylogeny","RNA, Ribosomal, 16S","Ticks","Goat Diseases","Ehrlichiosis","Anaplasma phagocytophilum","Mice"],"keywords":["Anaplasma phagocytophilum","Ixodes scapularis","Biology","Tick","Anaplasma","Anaplasmataceae","Virology","Anaplasmosis","Rickettsiales","Microbiology","Ixodidae","Veterinary medicine","Gene","Genetics","Antibody"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life in Land"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"gen"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-13T01:02:39.155704Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}