{"doi":"10.1128/jb.170.7.2933-2938.1988","title":"Site in the cat-86 regulatory leader that permits amicetin to induce expression of the gene","abstract":"<jats:p>Expression of the plasmid gene cat-86 is induced in Bacillus subtilis by two antibiotics, chloramphenicol and the nucleoside antibiotic amicetin. We proposed that induction by either drug causes the destabilization of a stem-loop structure in cat-86 mRNA that sequesters the ribosome-binding site for the cat coding sequence. The destabilization event frees the ribosome-binding site, permitting the initiation of translation of cat-86 mRNA. cat-86 induction is due to the stalling of a ribosome in a leader region of cat-86 mRNA, which is located 5' to the RNA stem-loop structure. A stalled ribosome that is active in cat-86 induction has its aminoacyl site occupied by leader codon 6. To test the hypothesis that a leader site 5' to codon 6 permits a ribosome to stall in the presence of an inducing antibiotic, we inserted an extra codon between leader codons 5 and 6. This insertion blocked induction, which was then restored by the deletion of leader codon 6. Thus, induction seems to require the maintenance of a precise spatial relationship between an upstream leader site(s) and leader codon 6. Mutations in the ribosome-binding site for the cat-86 leader, RBS-2, which decreased its strength of binding to 16S rRNA, prevented induction. In contrast, mutations that significantly altered the sequence of RBS-2 but increased its strength of binding to 16S rRNA did not block induction by either chloramphenicol or amicetin. We therefore suspected that the proposed leader site that permitted drug-mediated stalling was located between RBS-2 and leader codon 6. This region of the cat-86 leader contains an eight-nucleotide sequence (conserved region I) that is largely conserved among all known cat leaders. The codon immediately 5' to conserved region I differs, however, between amicetin-inducible and amicetin-noninducible cat genes. In amicetin-inducible cat genes such as cat-86, the codon 5' to conserved region I is a valine codon, GTG. The same codon in amicetin-noninducible cat genes is a lysine codon, either AAA or AAG. When the GTG codon immediately 5' to conserved region I in cat-86 was changed to AAA, amicetin was no longer active in cat-86 induction, but chloramphenicol induction was unaffected by the mutation. The potential role of the GTG codon in amicetin induction is discussed.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Bacteriology","year":1988,"id":22027,"datarank":0.7923302266113401,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"self_citation_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citation_network_contribution":0.40758782299210955,"self_endowment_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citer_contribution":0.40758782299210955,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":5,"citers_with_citation_signal":5,"citers_with_endowment":5,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":139842,"name":"N P Ambulos","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":139843,"name":"E J Duvall","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":139844,"name":"M A Lorton","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":139845,"name":"P S Lovett","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":139841,"name":"U J Kim","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"3133355","pmcid":"PMC211231","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1917149244","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"AI-21350","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":0.8678,"citation_percentile":0.71799879,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2018,"count":1}],"oa_status":"green","license":"https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/211231","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc211231?pdf=render","host_type":"GREEN"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/211231","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/jb.170.7.2933-2938.1988","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.170.7.2933-2938.1988","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3133355","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities","Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","Biology","Medicine","Acetyltransferases","Anti-Bacterial Agents","Bacillus subtilis","Base Sequence","Chloramphenicol","Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase","Codon","Gene Expression Regulation","Genes, Bacterial","Molecular Sequence Data","Mutation","Plasmids","Protein Sorting Signals","Pyrimidine Nucleosides","Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid","Ribosomes"],"mesh_terms":["Acetyltransferases","Anti-Bacterial Agents","Bacillus subtilis","Base Sequence","Chloramphenicol","Codon","Gene Expression Regulation","Genes, Bacterial","Molecular Sequence Data","Mutation","Plasmids","Pyrimidine Nucleosides","Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid","Ribosomes","Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase","Protein Sorting Signals"],"keywords":["Ribosomal binding site","Shine-Dalgarno sequence","Biology","Ribosome","Start codon","A-site","Messenger RNA","Binding site","Genetics","Ribosomal RNA","Stop codon","Gene","Translation (biology)","P-site","Molecular biology","RNA","Coding region"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-06T17:39:51.528561Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}