{"doi":"10.1128/iai.00501-22","title":"The Use of the Antigenically Variable Major Surface Protein 2 in the Establishment of Superinfection during Natural Tick Transmission of Anaplasma marginale in Southern Ghana","abstract":"), which is encoded by approximately six donor alleles that recombine into a single expression site to produce immune escape variants. Nearly all cattle in regions of high prevalence are superinfected. By tracking the acquisition of strains in calves through time, the complement of donor alleles, and how those donor alleles are expressed, we determined that simple variants derived from a single donor allele, rather than multiple donor alleles, were predominant. Additionally, superinfection is associated with the introduction of new donor alleles, but these new donor alleles are not predominantly used to establish superinfection. These findings highlight the potential for competition among multiple strains of a pathogen for resources within the host and the balance between pathogen fitness and antigenic variation.","journal":"Infection and Immunity","year":2023,"id":378427,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9531,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1142346,"name":"James E. Futse","orcid":"0000-0002-9204-4945","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1142734,"name":"Jillian J. Morrison","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445333,"name":"Kelly A. Brayton","orcid":"0000-0001-7077-5424","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1142347,"name":"Guy H. Palmer","orcid":"0000-0001-5679-4709","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":382860,"name":"Susan M. Noh","orcid":"0000-0002-8160-9074","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1142733,"name":"Roberta Koku","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":17,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:16:44.708019Z","pmid":"36877065","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}