{"doi":"10.1128/aem.00683-23","title":"Polyvalent Protein Adhesin MEFA-II Induces Functional Antibodies against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Adhesins CS7, CS12, CS14, CS17, and CS21 and Heat-Stable Toxin (STa)","abstract":"An effective vaccine is lacking against ETEC, a primary cause of children's diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea and a threat to global health. The key challenge in ETEC vaccine development is that ETEC bacteria express heterogeneous virulence determinants (>25 adhesins and two toxins). While the current strategy to target the seven most prevalent ETEC adhesins (CFA/I, CS1 to CS6) potentially lead to a vaccine against many clinical cases, the prevalence of ETEC strains shifts chronically and geographically, and ETEC expressing other adhesins, mainly CS7, CS12, CS14, CS17, and CS21, also cause moderate-to-severe diarrhea. However, it is impossible to develop an ETEC vaccine to target as many as 12 adhesins under conventional approaches. This study used a unique vaccinology platform to create a polyvalent antigen and demonstrated the antigen's broad immunogenicity and functions against the targeted ETEC adhesins, enabling the development of a broadly protective vaccine essentially against all of the important ETEC strains.","journal":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","year":2023,"id":359398,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9609,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1088339,"name":"Shafiullah M. D. Parvej","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1109999,"name":"Siqi Li","orcid":"0000-0003-4026-963X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":906376,"name":"Kathryn L. Lauder","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1087842,"name":"Yiyang Shen","orcid":"0009-0007-0188-1806","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302310,"name":"Weiping Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-3723-2257","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":905758,"name":"Ipshita Upadhyay","orcid":"0000-0002-2618-953X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":38,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:13:52.889556Z","pmid":"37212687","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}