{"doi":"10.1128/aac.00636-23","title":"Standardization of an antiviral pipeline for human norovirus in human intestinal enteroids demonstrates nitazoxanide has no to weak antiviral activity","abstract":"ABSTRACT Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. In immunocompetent hosts, symptoms usually resolve within 3 days; however, in immunocompromised persons, HuNoV infection can become persistent, debilitating, and sometimes life-threatening. There are no licensed therapeutics for HuNoV due to a near half-century delay in its cultivation. Treatment for chronic HuNoV infection in immunosuppressed patients anecdotally includes nitazoxanide, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial licensed for treatment of parasite-induced gastroenteritis. Despite its off-label use for chronic HuNoV infection, nitazoxanide has not been clearly demonstrated to be an effective treatment. In this study, we standardized a pipeline for antiviral testing using multiple human small intestinal enteroid lines representing different intestinal segments and evaluated whether nitazoxanide inhibits replication of five HuNoV strains in vitro . Nitazoxanide did not exhibit high selective antiviral activity against any HuNoV strain tested, indicating it is not an effective antiviral for HuNoV infection. Human intestinal enteroids are further demonstrated as a model to serve as a preclinical platform to test antivirals against HuNoVs to treat gastrointestinal disease. Abstr","journal":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","year":2023,"id":332107,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":26,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9534,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":565771,"name":"Nicolás Cortés-Penfield","orcid":"0000-0002-6302-9471","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270534,"name":"Khalil Ettayebi","orcid":"0000-0003-3011-4693","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":811293,"name":"Ketki Patil","orcid":"0000-0002-4927-0170","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1058154,"name":"Gurpreet Kaur","orcid":"0000-0002-9605-5502","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270536,"name":"Frederick H. Neill","orcid":"0000-0001-7792-3135","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103449,"name":"Robert L. Atmar","orcid":"0000-0001-9989-6772","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270533,"name":"Sasirekha Ramani","orcid":"0000-0001-5631-8534","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270540,"name":"Mary K. Estes","orcid":"0000-0002-4813-4249","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":274815,"name":"Miranda A. Lewis","orcid":"0000-0003-2568-777X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":71,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:09:30.139849Z","pmid":"37787556","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}