{"doi":"10.1126/science.adn0953","title":"Neonatal fungi promote lifelong metabolic health through macrophage-dependent β cell development","abstract":"Loss of early-life microbial diversity is correlated with diabetes, yet mechanisms by which microbes influence disease remain elusive. We report a critical neonatal window in mice when microbiota disruption results in lifelong metabolic consequences stemming from reduced β cell development. We show evidence for the existence of a similar program in humans and identify specific fungi and bacteria that are sufficient for β cell growth. The microbiota also plays an important role in seeding islet-resident macrophages, and macrophage depletion during development reduces β cells. Candida dubliniensis increases β cells in a macrophage-dependent manner through distinctive cell wall composition and reduces murine diabetes incidence. Provision of C. dubliniensis after β cell ablation or antibiotic treatment improves β cell function. These data identify fungi as critical early-life commensals that promote long-term metabolic health.","journal":"Science","year":2025,"id":509812,"datarank":0.8791095206134834,"base_score":3.295836866004329,"endowment":3.295836866004329,"self_citation_contribution":0.4943755299006494,"citation_network_contribution":0.3847339907128339,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4943755299006494,"citer_contribution":0.3847339907128339,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":26,"citer_count":26,"citers_with_citation_signal":13,"citers_with_endowment":13,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9474,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"BioProject":["PRJNA983325"],"GEO":["GSE243754"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":623183,"name":"Rickesha Bell","orcid":"0000-0002-0554-0730","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302790,"name":"Logan Barrios","orcid":"0000-0003-4033-6054","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1365769,"name":"Halli Baird","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":623180,"name":"Kyla S. Ost","orcid":"0000-0003-4101-2836","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1365770,"name":"Morgan Greenewood","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":411361,"name":"Josh Monts","orcid":"0000-0003-0100-8939","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":741872,"name":"Erin Tracy","orcid":"0000-0001-6523-4156","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1364975,"name":"Casey H. Meili","orcid":"0000-0003-0379-3440","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":623181,"name":"Tyson R. Chiaro","orcid":"0000-0002-8132-5186","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":635021,"name":"Allison M. Weis","orcid":"0000-0001-9991-1661","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":273705,"name":"Karen Guillemin","orcid":"0000-0001-6004-9955","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":280691,"name":"Anna E. Beaudin","orcid":"0000-0002-8580-8660","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":878601,"name":"L. Charles Murtaugh","orcid":"0000-0001-7353-4706","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289853,"name":"W. Zac Stephens","orcid":"0000-0002-8072-9023","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253554,"name":"June L. Round","orcid":"0000-0002-7158-9874","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":649592,"name":"Jennifer Hampton Hill","orcid":"0000-0002-5544-1423","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":99,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:47:30.942539Z","pmid":"40048508","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}