{"doi":"10.1126/science.ade9516","title":"Comparative transcriptomics reveals human-specific cortical features","abstract":"The cognitive abilities of humans are distinctive among primates, but their molecular and cellular substrates are poorly understood. We used comparative single-nucleus transcriptomics to analyze samples of the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) from adult humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, rhesus macaques, and common marmosets to understand human-specific features of the neocortex. Human, chimpanzee, and gorilla MTG showed highly similar cell-type composition and laminar organization as well as a large shift in proportions of deep-layer intratelencephalic-projecting neurons compared with macaque and marmoset MTG. Microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes had more-divergent expression across species compared with neurons or oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and neuronal expression diverged more rapidly on the human lineage. Only a few hundred genes showed human-specific patterning, suggesting that relatively few cellular and molecular changes distinctively define adult human cortical structure.","journal":"Science","year":2023,"id":315187,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":205,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8812,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":419508,"name":"Janet Song","orcid":"0000-0002-7898-0227","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":983500,"name":"David Exposito-Alonso","orcid":"0000-0002-4950-2744","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":107878,"name":"Hamsini Suresh","orcid":"0000-0001-9133-1929","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1016023,"name":"Nathan Castro-Pacheco","orcid":"0009-0000-3645-3704","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":30828,"name":"Fenna M. 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