{"doi":"10.1126/science.abf8113","title":"A human apolipoprotein L with detergent-like activity kills intracellular pathogens","abstract":"Activation of cell-autonomous defense by the immune cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is critical to the control of life-threatening infections in humans. IFN-γ induces the expression of hundreds of host proteins in all nucleated cells and tissues, yet many of these proteins remain uncharacterized. We screened 19,050 human genes by CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis and identified IFN-γ-induced apolipoprotein L3 (APOL3) as a potent bactericidal agent protecting multiple non-immune barrier cell types against infection. Canonical apolipoproteins typically solubilize mammalian lipids for extracellular transport; APOL3 instead targeted cytosol-invasive bacteria to dissolve their anionic membranes into human-bacterial lipoprotein nanodiscs detected by native mass spectrometry and visualized by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. Thus, humans have harnessed the detergent-like properties of extracellular apolipoproteins to fashion an intracellular lysin, thereby endowing resident nonimmune cells with a mechanism to achieve sterilizing immunity.","journal":"Science","year":2021,"id":149406,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":107,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9585,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":278668,"name":"Shiwei Zhu","orcid":"0000-0003-1145-1192","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":635239,"name":"Anushka Halder","orcid":"0000-0001-9099-2696","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":635240,"name":"Bae-Hoon Kim","orcid":"0000-0001-6866-7248","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":400350,"name":"Clinton J. Bradfield","orcid":"0000-0001-6410-3517","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":626031,"name":"Shuai Huang","orcid":"0000-0002-8903-122X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":635241,"name":"Dijin Xu","orcid":"0000-0001-7955-4855","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":635242,"name":"Agnieszka Mamińska","orcid":"0000-0002-1300-8242","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":635243,"name":"Thanh Ngoc Nguyen","orcid":"0000-0001-9698-0020","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":246120,"name":"Michael Lazarou","orcid":"0000-0003-2150-5545","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":569973,"name":"Erdem Karatekin","orcid":"0000-0002-5934-8728","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":635244,"name":"Kallol Gupta","orcid":"0000-0002-3557-3242","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":626033,"name":"John D. MacMicking","orcid":"0000-0002-1734-135X","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":635238,"name":"Ryan G. Gaudet","orcid":"0000-0001-8496-3653","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":62,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:42:51.282401Z","pmid":"34437126","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}