{"doi":"10.1126/science.277.5325.494","title":"Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems","abstract":"<jats:p>Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing. Between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accessible surface fresh water is put to use by humanity; and about one-quarter of the bird species on Earth have been driven to extinction. By these and other standards, it is clear that we live on a human-dominated planet.</jats:p>","journal":"Science","year":1997,"id":9482,"datarank":19.119366277376592,"base_score":9.088624613292087,"endowment":9.088624613292087,"self_citation_contribution":1.3632936919938132,"citation_network_contribution":17.75607258538278,"self_endowment_contribution":1.3632936919938132,"citer_contribution":17.75607258538278,"corpus_percentile":92.7,"corpus_rank":1533,"citation_count":8853,"citer_count":192,"citers_with_citation_signal":192,"citers_with_endowment":192,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"1997-07-25","authors":[{"id":79706,"name":"Harold A. Mooney","orcid":"0000-0001-5864-1538","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":79707,"name":"Jane Lubchenco","orcid":"0000-0003-3540-5879","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":79708,"name":"Jerry M. Melillo","orcid":"0000-0002-4295-5396","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":79705,"name":"Peter M. Vitousek","orcid":"0000-0003-4933-2666","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":69,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}