{"doi":"10.1126/science.271.5256.1736","title":"Light-Induced Degradation of TIMELESS and Entrainment of the\n            <i>Drosophila</i>\n            Circadian Clock","abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Two genes,\n            <jats:italic>period</jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>per</jats:italic>\n            ) and\n            <jats:italic>timeless</jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>tim</jats:italic>\n            ), are required for production of circadian rhythms in\n            <jats:italic>Drosophila</jats:italic>\n            . The proteins encoded by these genes (PER and TIM) physically interact, and the timing of their association and nuclear localization is believed to promote cycles of\n            <jats:italic>per</jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>tim</jats:italic>\n            transcription through an autoregulatory feedback loop. Here it is shown that TIM protein may also couple this molecular pacemaker to the environment, because TIM is rapidly degraded after exposure to light. TIM accumulated rhythmically in nuclei of eyes and in pacemaker cells of the brain. The phase of these rhythms was differentially advanced or delayed by light pulses delivered at different times of day, corresponding with phase shifts induced in the behavioral rhythms.\n          </jats:p>","journal":"Science","year":1996,"id":681496,"datarank":0.9222702443876472,"base_score":6.148468295917647,"endowment":6.148468295917647,"self_citation_contribution":0.9222702443876472,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.9222702443876472,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":467,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1780554,"name":"Karen Wager-Smith","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1780555,"name":"Adrian Rothenfluh-Hilfiker","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":673762,"name":"Michael W. Young","orcid":"0000-0002-9726-2247","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":799492,"name":"Michael P. Myers","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Light-Induced Degradation of TIMELESS and Entrainment of the\n            <i>Drosophila</i>\n            Circadian Clock","abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Two genes,\n            <jats:italic>period</jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>per</jats:italic>\n            ) and\n            <jats:italic>timeless</jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>tim</jats:italic>\n            ), are required for production of circadian rhythms in\n            <jats:italic>Drosophila</jats:italic>\n            . The proteins encoded by these genes (PER and TIM) physically interact, and the timing of their association and nuclear localization is believed to promote cycles of\n            <jats:italic>per</jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>tim</jats:italic>\n            transcription through an autoregulatory feedback loop. Here it is shown that TIM protein may also couple this molecular pacemaker to the environment, because TIM is rapidly degraded after exposure to light. TIM accumulated rhythmically in nuclei of eyes and in pacemaker cells of the brain. The phase of these rhythms was differentially advanced or delayed by light pulses delivered at different times of day, corresponding with phase shifts induced in the behavioral rhythms.\n          </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":6.148468295917647,"endowment":6.148468295917647,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"8596937","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2005174604","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":11.8583,"citation_percentile":0.98548621,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":10},{"year":2013,"count":11},{"year":2014,"count":10},{"year":2015,"count":9},{"year":2016,"count":10},{"year":2017,"count":10},{"year":2018,"count":15},{"year":2019,"count":10},{"year":2020,"count":14},{"year":2021,"count":15},{"year":2022,"count":6},{"year":2023,"count":4},{"year":2024,"count":4},{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":4}],"oa_status":"closed","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.271.5256.1736","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.271.5256.1736","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8596937","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Circadian rhythm and melatonin","Spaceflight effects on biology","Light effects on plants","Animals","Biological Clocks","Brain","Cell Nucleus","Circadian Rhythm","Cytoplasm","Darkness","Drosophila Proteins","Drosophila melanogaster","Genes, Insect","Light","Nuclear Proteins","Period Circadian Proteins","Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate","Proteins","RNA, Messenger","Recombinant Proteins"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Biological Clocks","Brain","Cell Nucleus","Circadian Rhythm","Cytoplasm","Darkness","Drosophila melanogaster","Light","Nuclear Proteins","Proteins","Recombinant Proteins","RNA, Messenger","Genes, Insect","Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate","Drosophila Proteins","Period Circadian Proteins"],"keywords":["Timeless","Entrainment (biomusicology)","Circadian rhythm","Cryptochrome","Biology","Circadian clock","Bacterial circadian rhythms","Rhythm","Oscillating gene","Cell biology","Light effects on circadian rhythm","Period (music)","CLOCK","Transcription (linguistics)","Drosophila melanogaster","Gene","Neuroscience","Genetics","Internal medicine","Physics","Medicine"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-17T17:57:54.206181Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}