{"doi":"10.1126/science.270.5243.1789","title":"Polymer Photovoltaic Cells: Enhanced Efficiencies via a Network of Internal Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions","abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The carrier collection efficiency (η\n            <jats:sub>c</jats:sub>\n            ) and energy conversion efficiency (η\n            <jats:sub>e</jats:sub>\n            ) of polymer photovoltaic cells were improved by blending of the semiconducting polymer with C\n            <jats:sub>60</jats:sub>\n            or its functionalized derivatives. Composite films of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) and fullerenes exhibit η\n            <jats:sub>c</jats:sub>\n            of about 29 percent of electrons per photon and η\n            <jats:sub>e</jats:sub>\n            of about 2.9 percent, efficiencies that are better by more than two orders of magnitude than those that have been achieved with devices made with pure MEH-PPV. The efficient charge separation results from photoinduced electron transfer from the MEH-PPV (as donor) to C\n            <jats:sub>60</jats:sub>\n            (as acceptor); the high collection efficiency results from a bicontinuous network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions.\n          </jats:p>","journal":"Science","year":1995,"id":7894,"datarank":23.908018815750374,"base_score":9.238052810542719,"endowment":9.238052810542719,"self_citation_contribution":1.385707921581408,"citation_network_contribution":22.522310894168967,"self_endowment_contribution":1.385707921581408,"citer_contribution":22.522310894168967,"corpus_percentile":97.4,"corpus_rank":806,"citation_count":10280,"citer_count":179,"citers_with_citation_signal":179,"citers_with_endowment":179,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"1995-12-15","authors":[{"id":56657,"name":"J. Gao","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71095,"name":"J. C. Hummelen","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71096,"name":"F. Wudl","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71097,"name":"A. J. Heeger","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71098,"name":"Gang Yu","orcid":"0000-0003-2490-3987","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":56683,"name":"Jun Gao","orcid":"0000-0002-6692-1828","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71099,"name":"Jan C. Hummelen","orcid":"0000-0001-8152-6255","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71100,"name":"Fred Wudl","orcid":"0000-0002-2140-5301","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71101,"name":"Alan J. Heeger","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71094,"name":"G. Yu","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":27,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}