{"doi":"10.1126/science.1170116","title":"Conversion of 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Mammalian DNA by MLL Partner TET1","abstract":"<jats:title>Methylation Mediation</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Methylation of cytosine bases, 5-methylcytosine (5mC), in DNA plays an important regulatory role in mammalian genomes. Methylation patterns are often inherited across generations, but they can also be dynamic, suggesting that active DNA demethylation pathways exist. One such pathway, best characterized in plants, involves the removal of the 5mC base, and its replacement by C, via a DNA repair mechanism.\n                    <jats:bold>Kriaucionis and Heintz</jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"929\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"324\" xlink:href=\"10.1126/science.1169786\">929</jats:related-article>\n                    , published online 16 April) now show that, as well as 5mC in mammalian genomes, there are also significant amounts of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in DNA of Purkinje neurons, which have large nuclei with apparently very little heterochromatin.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Tahiliani\n                      <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic>\n                    </jats:bold>\n                    (p. 930, published online 16 April) find that the protein TET1 is capable of converting 5mC into 5hmC both in vitro and in vivo. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is also present in embryonic stem cells, and levels of 5hmC and TET1 show correlated variation during cell differentiation.\n                  </jats:p>","journal":"Science","year":2009,"id":633423,"datarank":1.3016925855441528,"base_score":8.677950570294351,"endowment":8.677950570294351,"self_citation_contribution":1.3016925855441528,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":1.3016925855441528,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5871,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1332539,"name":"Kian Peng Koh","orcid":"0000-0003-2523-5175","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":808932,"name":"Yinghua Shen","orcid":"0000-0003-4080-5535","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":542985,"name":"William A. Pastor","orcid":"0000-0003-4176-5299","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1642261,"name":"Hozefa Bandukwala","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341734,"name":"Yevgeny Brudno","orcid":"0000-0003-2963-3293","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70610,"name":"Suneet Agarwal","orcid":"0000-0003-4910-3118","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":297546,"name":"Lakshminarayan M. Iyer","orcid":"0000-0002-4844-2022","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":32147,"name":"David R. Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-9943-7557","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":138568,"name":"L. Aravind","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137872,"name":"Anjana Rao","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":304131,"name":"Mamta Tahiliani","orcid":"0000-0003-0495-0620","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Conversion of 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Mammalian DNA by MLL Partner TET1","abstract":"<jats:title>Methylation Mediation</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Methylation of cytosine bases, 5-methylcytosine (5mC), in DNA plays an important regulatory role in mammalian genomes. Methylation patterns are often inherited across generations, but they can also be dynamic, suggesting that active DNA demethylation pathways exist. One such pathway, best characterized in plants, involves the removal of the 5mC base, and its replacement by C, via a DNA repair mechanism.\n                    <jats:bold>Kriaucionis and Heintz</jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"929\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"324\" xlink:href=\"10.1126/science.1169786\">929</jats:related-article>\n                    , published online 16 April) now show that, as well as 5mC in mammalian genomes, there are also significant amounts of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in DNA of Purkinje neurons, which have large nuclei with apparently very little heterochromatin.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Tahiliani\n                      <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic>\n                    </jats:bold>\n                    (p. 930, published online 16 April) find that the protein TET1 is capable of converting 5mC into 5hmC both in vitro and in vivo. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is also present in embryonic stem cells, and levels of 5hmC and TET1 show correlated variation during cell differentiation.\n                  </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":8.677950570294351,"endowment":8.677950570294351,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19372391","pmcid":"PMC2715015","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2108664872","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIGMS NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 GM065865","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"AI44432","title":null},{"funder_name":"NHLBI NIH HHS","grant_id":"K08 HL089150","title":null},{"funder_name":"Intramural NIH HHS","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"Intramural NIH HHS","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":7,"fwci":104.2794,"citation_percentile":0.99991676,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":337},{"year":2013,"count":426},{"year":2014,"count":466},{"year":2015,"count":417},{"year":2016,"count":453},{"year":2017,"count":428},{"year":2018,"count":404},{"year":2019,"count":387},{"year":2020,"count":351},{"year":2021,"count":362},{"year":2022,"count":343},{"year":2023,"count":356},{"year":2024,"count":294},{"year":2025,"count":229},{"year":2026,"count":121}],"oa_status":"green","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3415331","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3415331","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1170116","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1170116","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19372391","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2715015","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Epigenetics and DNA Methylation","RNA modifications and cancer","Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders","5-Methylcytosine","Amino Acid Sequence","Animals","Cell Line","Cytosine","DNA","DNA Methylation","DNA-Binding Proteins","Dinucleoside Phosphates","Embryonic Stem Cells","Humans","Hydroxylation","Mass Spectrometry","Mice","Mixed Function Oxygenases","Molecular Sequence Data","Proto-Oncogene Proteins","RNA Interference","Sequence Alignment","Transfection"],"mesh_terms":["Amino Acid Sequence","Animals","Cell Line","Cytosine","DNA","DNA-Binding Proteins","Humans","Mixed Function Oxygenases","Hydroxylation","Molecular Sequence Data","Proto-Oncogene Proteins","Mass Spectrometry","Transfection","Dinucleoside Phosphates","Sequence Alignment","DNA Methylation","RNA Interference","5-Methylcytosine","Mice","Embryonic Stem Cells"],"keywords":["5-Hydroxymethylcytosine","5-Methylcytosine","DNA demethylation","DNA methylation","Biology","DNA","Epigenetics","Cytosine","Heterochromatin","Methylation","Cell biology","Genetics","Chromatin","Gene","Gene expression"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-06T12:02:40.748644Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}