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However, we still have not identified all aspects of selection, and identifying the underlying genes for reproductive isolation remains challenging.</jats:p>","journal":"Science","year":2009,"id":590500,"datarank":11.494048683245289,"base_score":7.349873704738337,"endowment":7.349873704738337,"self_citation_contribution":1.1024810557107507,"citation_network_contribution":10.391567627534538,"self_endowment_contribution":1.1024810557107507,"citer_contribution":10.391567627534538,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1555,"citer_count":200,"citers_with_citation_signal":200,"citers_with_endowment":200,"datacite_reuse_total":18,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":649466,"name":"Dolph Schluter","orcid":"0000-0003-1683-7836","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Evidence for Ecological Speciation and Its Alternative","abstract":"<jats:p>Natural selection commonly drives the origin of species, as Darwin initially claimed. Mechanisms of speciation by selection fall into two broad categories: ecological and mutation-order. Under ecological speciation, divergence is driven by divergent natural selection between environments, whereas under mutation-order speciation, divergence occurs when different mutations arise and are fixed in separate populations adapting to similar selection pressures. Tests of parallel evolution of reproductive isolation, trait-based assortative mating, and reproductive isolation by active selection have demonstrated that ecological speciation is a common means by which new species arise. Evidence for mutation-order speciation by natural selection is more limited and has been best documented by instances of reproductive isolation resulting from intragenomic conflict. 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