{"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adw5839","title":"Remodeling of\n                    <i>XIST</i>\n                    regulatory landscape during primate evolution","abstract":"Unraveling how gene regulations are remodeled during evolution is central to understanding how biological processes evolve. We explored this question in the frame of X-chromosome inactivation, a process under strong selective constraint, governed by the <i>XIST</i> lncRNA and its cis-regulators. Using functional approaches on closely related primate species, we show that <i>XIST</i> regulation has uniquely diverged over a short evolutionary timescale. In human and marmoset embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the <i>JPX</i> lncRNA gene is a major regulator of <i>XIST</i> expression. In contrast, <i>JPX</i> has a minor effect on <i>XIST</i> in macaque ESCs, where it acts together with a macaque-specific enhancer. This occurs within a reshuffled 3D organization of the <i>XIST</i> neighborhood triggered by the insertion of a HERVK transposon in the macaque lineage. Retrospective sequence comparisons revealed that many <i>XIST</i> regulators are not evolutionarily constrained, supporting the hypothesis that neutrally evolving noncoding elements harbor adaptive potential. These results illuminate how evolutionary recent elements are integrated into preexisting regulatory landscapes.","journal":"Science Advances","year":2026,"id":11622,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.0496,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2026-01-16","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":92517,"name":"Charbel Alfeghaly","orcid":"0000-0002-3189-900X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92518,"name":"Cloé Rognard","orcid":"0000-0003-0369-8291","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92519,"name":"Anamaria Necsulea","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92520,"name":"Agnese Loda","orcid":"0000-0001-8109-128X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92521,"name":"Gaël Castel","orcid":"0000-0002-7563-1179","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92522,"name":"Laura Villacorta","orcid":"0000-0002-9509-8594","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92523,"name":"Michael X. Dong","orcid":"0000-0003-4084-3099","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":44861,"name":"Édith Heard","orcid":"0000-0001-8052-7117","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92524,"name":"Irène Aksoy","orcid":"0000-0003-4353-5876","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92525,"name":"Pierre Savatier","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92526,"name":"Céline Morey","orcid":"0000-0001-9513-0278","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92527,"name":"Claire Rougeulle","orcid":"0000-0003-3861-4940","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92528,"name":"Anamaria Necşulea","orcid":"0000-0001-9861-7698","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92529,"name":"P. Savatier","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92516,"name":"Emmanuel Cazottes","orcid":"0000-0002-9583-2816","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":82,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}