{"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ads2364","title":"Rewilding catalyzes maturation of the humoral immune system","abstract":"Inbred mice used for biomedical research display an underdeveloped immune system compared with adult humans, which is attributed in part to the artificial laboratory environment. Despite representing a central component of adaptive immunity, the impact of the laboratory environment on the B cell compartment has not been investigated in detail. Here, we performed an in-depth examination of B cells following rewilding, the controlled release of inbred laboratory mice into an outdoor enclosure. In rewilded mice, we observed B cells in circulation with increased signs of maturation, alongside heightened germinal center responses within secondary lymphoid organs. Rewilding also expanded B cells in the gut, which was accompanied by elevated systemic levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies reactive to the microbiota. Our findings indicate that exposing laboratory mice to a more natural environment enhances B cell development to better reflect the immune system of free-living mammals.","journal":"Science Advances","year":2025,"id":515602,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9572,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1030006,"name":"Kimberly Zaldaña","orcid":"0009-0002-0300-5176","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253547,"name":"Frank Yeung","orcid":"0000-0002-1944-706X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225263,"name":"Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin","orcid":"0000-0002-8611-4900","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1030007,"name":"Alexander E. Downie","orcid":"0000-0002-6743-620X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253549,"name":"Jian-Da Lin","orcid":"0000-0003-3697-4766","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":558668,"name":"Yi Yang","orcid":"0000-0002-5200-0614","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":469938,"name":"Christin Herrmann","orcid":"0000-0003-4885-1384","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":368727,"name":"Oyebola O. Oyesola","orcid":"0000-0002-5347-7502","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281549,"name":"Felix D. Rozenberg","orcid":"0000-0002-5532-9773","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103718,"name":"Robert E. Schwartz","orcid":"0000-0002-5417-5995","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":506374,"name":"David D. Kim","orcid":"0000-0002-7528-0014","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1380531,"name":"Kurt Tio","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225267,"name":"Yasmine Belkaid","orcid":"0000-0001-9962-3571","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253555,"name":"P’ng Loke","orcid":"0000-0002-6211-3292","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253556,"name":"Andrea L. Graham","orcid":"0000-0002-6580-2755","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":75652,"name":"Sergei B. Koralov","orcid":"0000-0002-4843-3791","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":241178,"name":"Ken Cadwell","orcid":"0000-0002-5860-0661","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253548,"name":"Ying-Han Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-6720-8610","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":34,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:48:39.436300Z","pmid":"40053586","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}