{"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adn7187","title":"Saponin nanoparticle adjuvants incorporating Toll-like receptor agonists drive distinct immune signatures and potent vaccine responses","abstract":"Over the past few decades, the development of potent and safe immune-activating adjuvant technologies has become the heart of intensive research in the constant fight against highly mutative and immune evasive viruses such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein, we developed a highly modular saponin-based nanoparticle platform incorporating Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRas) including TLR1/2a, TLR4a, and TLR7/8a adjuvants and their mixtures. These various TLRa-saponin nanoparticle adjuvant constructs induce unique acute cytokine and immune-signaling profiles, leading to specific T helper responses that could be of interest depending on the target disease for prevention. In a murine vaccine study, the adjuvants greatly improved the potency, durability, breadth, and neutralization of both COVID-19 and HIV vaccine candidates, suggesting the potential broad application of these adjuvant constructs to a range of different antigens. Overall, this work demonstrates a modular TLRa-SNP adjuvant platform that could improve the design of vaccines and affect modern vaccine development.","journal":"Science Advances","year":2024,"id":422654,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":26,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9548,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":995610,"name":"Julie Baillet","orcid":"0000-0003-4670-5762","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":567705,"name":"Maria V. Filsinger Interrante","orcid":"0000-0002-7728-799X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331613,"name":"Julia Z. Adamska","orcid":"0000-0001-8657-4141","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":743676,"name":"Xueting Zhou","orcid":"0000-0002-0722-7334","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":678631,"name":"Olivia M. Saouaf","orcid":"0000-0002-5117-7127","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":259695,"name":"Jerry Yan","orcid":"0000-0001-8278-1354","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":808304,"name":"John H. Klich","orcid":"0000-0002-9285-1018","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":808303,"name":"Carolyn K. Jons","orcid":"0000-0003-2322-6726","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":635906,"name":"Emily L. Meany","orcid":"0000-0001-9060-1253","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1169715,"name":"Adian S. Valdez","orcid":"0009-0007-3772-9646","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108913,"name":"Lauren Carter","orcid":"0000-0002-9837-9068","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106177,"name":"Bali Pulendran","orcid":"0000-0001-6517-4333","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108915,"name":"Neil P. King","orcid":"0000-0002-2978-4692","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278141,"name":"Eric A. Appel","orcid":"0000-0002-2301-7126","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":635907,"name":"Ben S. Ou","orcid":"0000-0002-0539-5166","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":78,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:57:51.642883Z","pmid":"39110802","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}