{"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ade7923","title":"High cell density and high-resolution 3D bioprinting for fabricating vascularized tissues","abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques have emerged as the most popular methods to fabricate 3D-engineered tissues; however, there are challenges in simultaneously satisfying the requirements of high cell density (HCD), high cell viability, and fine fabrication resolution. In particular, bioprinting resolution of digital light processing-based 3D bioprinting suffers with increasing bioink cell density due to light scattering. We developed a novel approach to mitigate this scattering-induced deterioration of bioprinting resolution. The inclusion of iodixanol in the bioink enables a 10-fold reduction in light scattering and a substantial improvement in fabrication resolution for bioinks with an HCD. Fifty-micrometer fabrication resolution was achieved for a bioink with 0.1 billion per milliliter cell density. To showcase the potential application in tissue/organ 3D bioprinting, HCD thick tissues with fine vascular networks were fabricated. The tissues were viable in a perfusion culture system, with endothelialization and angiogenesis observed after 14 days of culture.","journal":"Science Advances","year":2023,"id":315095,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":225,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9521,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":663260,"name":"Yi Xiang","orcid":"0000-0002-1154-5802","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":319931,"name":"Henry H. Hwang","orcid":"0000-0001-6690-2929","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342245,"name":"David B. Berry","orcid":"0000-0001-8275-8322","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332691,"name":"Wisarut Kiratitanaporn","orcid":"0000-0002-4208-6549","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":319929,"name":"Jiaao Guan","orcid":"0000-0001-9304-4392","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332694,"name":"Emmie Yao","orcid":"0009-0001-4122-8293","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236410,"name":"Min Tang","orcid":"0000-0002-6084-1827","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236411,"name":"Zheng Zhong","orcid":"0000-0003-4103-4752","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":663261,"name":"Xinyue Ma","orcid":"0009-0005-5048-2540","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":256523,"name":"Daniel Wangpraseurt","orcid":"0000-0003-4834-8981","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":673212,"name":"Yazhi Sun","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1014985,"name":"Tingyu Lu","orcid":"0000-0001-9665-6394","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236420,"name":"Shaochen Chen","orcid":"0000-0001-6876-497X","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":256524,"name":"Shangting You","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5327","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":65,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:06:02.898877Z","pmid":"36812321","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}