{"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aaz6137","title":"Horizontal gene transfer rate is not the primary determinant of observed antibiotic resistance frequencies in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>","abstract":". We analyze microbiological, genomic, and epidemiological data from the largest-to-date sequenced pneumococcal carriage study in 955 infants from a refugee camp on the Thailand-Myanmar border. Using a unified framework, we simultaneously test prior hypotheses on rates of HGT and a key evolutionary covariate (duration of carriage) as determinants of resistance frequencies. We conclude that in this setting, there is little evidence of HGT playing a major role in determining resistance frequencies. Instead, observed resistance frequencies are best explained as the outcome of selection acting on a pool of variants, irrespective of the rate at which resistance determinants move between genetic lineages.","journal":"Science Advances","year":2020,"id":75033,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":29,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9543,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":392156,"name":"Claire Chewapreecha","orcid":"0000-0002-1313-4011","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":392157,"name":"John A. Lees","orcid":"0000-0001-5360-1254","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":276821,"name":"William P. Hanage","orcid":"0000-0002-6319-7336","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106022,"name":"Marc Lipsitch","orcid":"0000-0003-1504-9213","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":392158,"name":"Nicholas J. Croucher","orcid":"0000-0001-6303-8768","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":228837,"name":"Stephen D. Bentley","orcid":"0000-0001-8094-3751","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":228840,"name":"Paul Turner","orcid":"0000-0002-1013-7815","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":392159,"name":"Christophe Fraser","orcid":"0000-0003-2399-9657","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":392160,"name":"Rafal Mostowy","orcid":"0000-0002-4557-3748","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":392155,"name":"Sonja Lehtinen","orcid":"0000-0002-4236-828X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":29,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:46:33.313355Z","pmid":"32671212","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}