{"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aay1192","title":"Real-time frequency-encoded spatiotemporal focusing through scattering media using a programmable 2D ultrafine optical frequency comb","abstract":"Optical wavefront shaping is a powerful tool for controlling photons in strongly scattering media. Its speed, however, has been the bottleneck for in vivo applications. Moreover, unlike spatial focusing, temporal focusing from a continuous-wave source has rarely been exploited yet is highly desired for nonlinear photonics. Here, we present a novel real-time frequency-encoded spatiotemporal (FEST) focusing technology. FEST focusing uses a novel programmable two-dimensional optical frequency comb with an ultrafine linewidth to perform single-shot wavefront measurements, with a fast single-pixel detector. This technique enables simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing at microsecond scales through thick dynamic scattering media. This technology also enabled us to discover the large-scale temporal shift, a new phenomenon that, with the conventional spatial memory effect, establishes a space-time duality. FEST focusing opens a new avenue for high-speed wavefront shaping in the field of photonics.","journal":"Science Advances","year":2020,"id":65396,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":58,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9493,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":294497,"name":"Yuecheng Shen","orcid":"0000-0003-1990-8142","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":294496,"name":"Joseph C. Jing","orcid":"0000-0002-1283-3232","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346693,"name":"Ashton S. Hemphill","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345783,"name":"Changsheng Yang","orcid":"0000-0003-3824-1128","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345784,"name":"Shanhui Xu","orcid":"0000-0002-9744-6361","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345785,"name":"Zhongmin Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-6525-0818","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253575,"name":"Lihong V. Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-9783-4383","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":294495,"name":"Xiaoming Wei","orcid":"0000-0001-6136-5335","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":49,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:13:23.327603Z","pmid":"32128401","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}