{"doi":"10.1123/jtpe.13.3.216","title":"The Effects of Video Observational Training on Video and Live Observational Proficiency","abstract":"The purposes of this study were to develop and implement an observational training program and to assess the effects of a video observational training program on video and live observational proficiency. Physical education majors took a pretest in both a video and a live environment to assess observational proficiency. The task was observing children batting and answering questions regarding the critical features of the movement. The students were then placed into either a treatment (n = 12) or a control (n = 11) group. There were no differences between groups on either assessment (p > .05). The treatment group then participated in a video observational training program. After the training, all subjects took a posttest in each environment to assess observational proficiency. The training was found to be effective in improving video observational proficiency (p < .05) but not live observational proficiency (p > .05). These results provide support for the effectiveness of video observational training in developing video observational proficiency but not live observational proficiency.","journal":"Journal of Teaching in Physical Education","year":1994,"id":16489,"datarank":0.7808668214468608,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"self_citation_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citation_network_contribution":0.3961244178276303,"self_endowment_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citer_contribution":0.3961244178276303,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":12,"citers_with_citation_signal":9,"citers_with_endowment":9,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":42.5,"fair_percentile":21.459982409850483,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":121522,"name":"Carol J. Widule","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":121523,"name":"Ray Anne Shrader","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":121524,"name":"Jane Maver","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":121521,"name":"Jean Eckrich","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"21071399","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2109147503","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.7,"citation_percentile":0.81723419,"influential_citations":1,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":1},{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2018,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/jtpe/13/3/article-p216.xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://journals.humankinetics.com/downloadpdf/journals/jtpe/13/3/article-p216.xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.13.3.216","host_type":"journal"}],"fields_of_study":["Physical Education and Pedagogy","Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport","Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","Psychology","Education"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Observational study","Observational learning","Observational methods in psychology","Psychology","Medical education","Medicine","Pedagogy"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-02T09:28:58.132486Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":100.0,"fair_a":70.0,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":0.0,"fair_zscore":-0.2453,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":42.5,"has_llm":false,"dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":100.0,"criteria":[{"key":"f_has_doi","label":"Has a persistent DOI","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"DOI present","rationale":null},{"key":"f_repository_presence","label":"Indexed in repositories / literature DBs","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"datacite=0, pmcid=False, pmid=True","rationale":null},{"key":"f_persistent_ids","label":"Resolvable scholarly identifiers (OpenAlex)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"OpenAlex id present","rationale":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":70.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_open_access","label":"Open Access / files deposited","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":0.5,"signal":"files/OA location present but not flagged OA","rationale":null},{"key":"a_retrievable","label":"Free full text retrievable","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"3 OA location(s)","rationale":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_linked_data","label":"Linked datasets / DataCite relations","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"linked_datasets=0, datacite=0","rationale":null},{"key":"i_standard_ids","label":"References data via standard accessions","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"accessions=0, trials=0","rationale":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"r_license","label":"Clear, open reuse license","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no license","rationale":null},{"key":"r_downloads","label":"Demonstrated reuse (downloads)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"downloads=0","rationale":null},{"key":"r_version","label":"Versioned / maintained","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no version chain","rationale":null},{"key":"r_dataset","label":"Classified as a data resource","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"not a dataset","rationale":null}]}},"suggestions":["Attach a clear, open reuse license (e.g. CC-BY or CC0).","Link the underlying datasets via DOIs / DataCite relations.","Reference data using standard accessions (e.g. GEO, PDB, ClinicalTrials.gov).","Maintain explicit versioning for the dataset.","Make the paper/data Open Access or deposit the files in an open repository."],"model":null,"agent_version":"fair_agent_v1","fulltext_source":"abstract_only"},"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v1","fair_fulltext_source":"abstract_only","fair_has_llm":false,"fair_computed_at":"2026-06-14T02:19:26.497609Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}