{"doi":"10.1117/1.jbo.28.8.082803","title":"Barium sulfate and pigment admixture for photoacoustic and x-ray contrast imaging of the gut","abstract":"SignificanceX-ray imaging is frequently used for gastrointestinal imaging. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of the gastrointestinal tract is an emerging approach that has been demonstrated for preclinical imaging of small animals. A contrast agent active in both modalities could be useful for imaging applications.AimWe aimed to develop a dual-modality contrast agent comprising an admixture of barium sulfate with pigments that absorb light in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II), for preclinical imaging with both x-ray and PAI modalities.ApproachEleven different NIR-II dyes were evaluated after admixture with a 40% w/v barium sulfate mixture. The resulting NIR-II absorption in the soluble fraction and in the total mixture was characterized. Proof-of-principle imaging studies in mice were carried out.ResultsPigments that produced more uniform suspensions were assessed further for photoacoustic contrast signal at a wavelength of 1064 nm that corresponds to the output of the Nd:YAG laser used. Phantom imaging studies demonstrated that the pigment-barium sulfate mixture generated imaging contrast in both x-ray and PAI modalities. The optimal pigment selected for further study was a cyanine tetrafluoroborate salt. Ex-vivo and whole-body mouse imaging demonstrated that photoacoustic and x-ray contrast signals co-localized in the intestines for both imaging modalities.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that commercially-available NIR-II pigments can simply be admixed with barium sulfate to generate a dual-modality contrast agent appropriate for small animal gastrointestinal imaging.","journal":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","year":2023,"id":369824,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9593,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":689303,"name":"Huijuan Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-5139-1430","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346865,"name":"Mohammad Mahdi Shiraz Bhurwani","orcid":"0000-0001-6226-4392","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":920494,"name":"Anoop Nilam","orcid":"0000-0001-9187-5483","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1128710,"name":"Daewoon Seong","orcid":"0000-0003-3477-412X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1128711,"name":"Mansik Jeon","orcid":"0000-0002-0630-9039","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":333750,"name":"Ciprian N. Ionita","orcid":"0000-0001-7049-0592","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":368412,"name":"Jun Xia","orcid":"0000-0002-9864-7835","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":217892,"name":"Jonathan F. Lovell","orcid":"0000-0002-9052-884X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":370085,"name":"Hailey I. Kilian","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:15:32.670954Z","pmid":"36776721","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}