{"doi":"10.1117/1.jbo.27.1.016501","title":"Effects of shell-integrated Sudan Black dye on the acoustic activity and ultrasound imaging properties of lipid-shelled nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents","abstract":"SIGNIFICANCE: An effective contrast agent for concurrent multimodal photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) imaging must have both high optical absorption and high echogenicity. Integrating a highly absorbing dye into the lipid shell of gas core nanobubbles (NBs) adds PA contrast to existing US contrast agents but may impact agent ultrasonic response. AIM: We report on the development and ultrasonic characterization of lipid-shell stabilized C3F8 NBs with integrated Sudan Black (SB) B dye in the shell as dual-modal PA-US contrast agents. APPROACH: Perfluoropropane NBs stabilized with a lipid shell including increasing concentrations of SB B dye were formulated by amalgamation (SBNBs). Physical properties of SBNBs were characterized using resonant mass measurement, transmission electron microscopy and pendant drop tensiometry. Concentrated bubble solutions were imaged for 8 min to assess signal decay. Diluted bubble solutions were stimulated by a focused transducer to determine the response of individual NBs to long cycle (30 cycle) US. For assessment of simultaneous multimodal contrast, bulk populations of SBNBs were imaged using a PA and US imaging platform. RESULTS: We produced high agent yield (∼1011) with a mean diameter of ∼200 to 300 nm depending on SB loading. A 40% decrease in bubble yield was measured for solutions with 0.3 and 0.4 mg / ml SB. The addition of SB to the shell did not substantially affect NB size despite an increase in surface tension by up to 8 mN / m. The bubble decay rate increased after prolonged exposure (8 min) by dyed bubbles in comparison to their undyed counterparts (2.5-fold). SB in bubble shells increased gas exchange across the shell for long cycle US. PA imaging of these agents showed an increase in power (up to 10 dB) with increasing dye. CONCLUSIONS: We added PA contrast function to NBs. The addition of SB increased gas exchange across the NB shell. This has important implications in their use as multimodal agents.","journal":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","year":2022,"id":287200,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9546,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":967269,"name":"Grace Fishbein","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":296389,"name":"Eric Abenojar","orcid":"0000-0002-2733-4006","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":296386,"name":"Al de Leon","orcid":"0000-0002-9449-0519","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":354855,"name":"Jinle Zhu","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":442201,"name":"Yanjie Wang","orcid":"0000-0003-4959-6039","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":967270,"name":"Charlotte Ferworn","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":296390,"name":"Agata A. Exner","orcid":"0000-0003-3913-7066","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":353755,"name":"Michael C. Kolios","orcid":"0000-0002-9994-8293","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":486060,"name":"Dana Wegierak","orcid":"0000-0003-1758-2417","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":58,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:29:56.781756Z","pmid":"35064656","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}