{"doi":"10.1111/trf.16327","title":"<scp>COVID</scp>‐19 antibody screening with <scp>SARS‐CoV</scp>‐2 red cell kodecytes using routine serologic diagnostic platforms","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a major global impact, and the resultant response in the development of new diagnostics is unprecedented. The detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a role in managing the pandemic. We evaluated the feasibility of using SARS-CoV-2 peptide Kode Technology-modified red cells (C19-kodecytes) to develop an assay compatible with existing routine serologic platforms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A panel of eight unique red cells modified using Kode Technology function-spacer-lipid constructs and bearing short SARS-CoV-2 peptides was developed (C19-kodecyte assay). Kodecytes were tested against undiluted expected antibody-negative and -positive plasma samples in manual tube and three column agglutination technology (CAT) platforms. Parallel analysis with the same peptides in solid phase by enzyme immunoassays was performed. Evaluation samples included >120 expected negative blood donor samples and >140 COVID-19 convalescent plasma samples, with independent serologic analysis from two centers. RESULTS: Specificity (negative reaction rate against expected negative samples) in three different CAT platforms against novel C19-kodecytes was >91%, which correlated with published literature. Sensitivity (positive reaction rate against expected positive convalescent, PCR-confirmed samples) ranged from 82% to 97% compared to 77% with the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. Manual tube serology was less sensitive than CAT. Enzyme immunoassay results with some Kode Technology constructs also had high sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: C19-kodecytes are viable for use as serologic reagent red cells for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibody with routine blood antibody screening equipment.","journal":"Transfusion","year":2021,"id":186873,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":19,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9563,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":347479,"name":"Willy A. Flegel","orcid":"0000-0002-1631-7198","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":387829,"name":"Kshitij Srivastava","orcid":"0000-0002-3658-0815","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":745700,"name":"Eleanor C Williams","orcid":"0000-0002-8023-9550","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":745701,"name":"Ivan M. Ryzhov","orcid":"0000-0002-0803-8666","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":745702,"name":"Alexander Tuzikov","orcid":"0000-0001-5554-496X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":745703,"name":"Oxana Galanina","orcid":"0000-0002-3537-1843","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":392862,"name":"Nadezhda Shilova","orcid":"0000-0001-6003-071X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":745704,"name":"Г. Т. Сухих","orcid":"0000-0002-7712-1260","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":746463,"name":"Holly Perry","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":53137,"name":"Nicolai V. Bovin","orcid":"0000-0001-8669-4477","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":745705,"name":"Stephen Henry","orcid":"0000-0002-9946-8441","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":746462,"name":"Radhika Nagappan","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:48:51.315888Z","pmid":"33590501","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}