{"doi":"10.1111/tmi.13392","title":"Tuberculosis disease and infection among household contacts of bacteriologically confirmed and non‐confirmed tuberculosis patients","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of tuberculosis infection and disease in household contacts of patients with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis disease and contacts of non-bacteriologically confirmed disease in western Kenya. METHODS: We enrolled newly diagnosed index patients and their household contacts from March 2014 to June 2016. All contacts were evaluated with a symptom questionnaire, tuberculin skin test (TST) and HIV test. Clinical evaluation and sputum testing were performed for those with symptoms, positive TST result or HIV infection. RESULTS: We enrolled 1155 contacts of 330 index patients with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis and 192 contacts of 55 index patients with non-bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis. 3.5% of contacts of patients with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis were diagnosed with tuberculosis, whereas no contacts of index patients with non-bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis were. Of those diagnosed with tuberculosis disease, 58.5% reported symptoms, 34.1% reported no symptoms but had positive TST results, and 7.3% had neither symptoms nor positive TST but were HIV-positive. Among 872 contacts with a TST result, 50.9% of contacts of index patients with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis and 41.0% of contacts of index patients with non-bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis had a positive result (prevalence ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval 0.92-1.48). CONCLUSION: In a high-burden setting, tuberculosis disease was more prevalent among contacts of patients with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis than contacts of patients with non-bacteriologically confirmed disease. TST was feasible to perform and helped to detect cases that would have been missed had only symptomatic contacts been evaluated.","journal":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","year":2020,"id":74790,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7841,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":391743,"name":"Peter Nyamthimba","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":391744,"name":"Alex Chweya","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":390898,"name":"Janet Agaya","orcid":"0000-0003-1251-6621","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":391745,"name":"Millicent Achola","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312957,"name":"M. R. Reichler","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":390899,"name":"Jessica Cowden","orcid":"0000-0002-1981-7366","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292879,"name":"Charles M. Heilig","orcid":"0000-0003-1075-1310","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":234306,"name":"Martien W. Borgdorff","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":293857,"name":"Kevin P. Cain","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":390900,"name":"Courtney M. Yuen","orcid":"0000-0002-5219-2599","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":391742,"name":"Ken Warria","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":15,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:46:11.663457Z","pmid":"32170771","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}