{"doi":"10.1111/psyp.14427","title":"Long‐term stability of respiratory sinus arrhythmia among adults with and without a history of depression","abstract":"Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is an index of parasympathetic nervous system activity reflecting respiratory influences on heart rate. This influence is typically measured as high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) or root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) of adjacent inter-beat intervals. Examining the long-term stability of its measurement is important as levels of resting RSA have been conceptualized as a marker of individual differences; in particular, of an individual's autonomic regulation and affect-related processes, including emotion regulation. At present, it is not known if resting RSA levels reflect stable differences over a long-term period (i.e., >1 year). Even less is known about how RSA stability differs as a function of depression history and whether it relates to depression risk trajectories. In the present study, we examined the 1.5-year test-retest reliability of resting RSA using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in 82 adults: n = 41 with a history of depression (ever-depressed); n = 41 controls with no depression history (never-depressed). HF-HRV was fairly stable in both groups (ever-depressed ICC = 0.55, never-depressed ICC = 0.54). RMSSD was also fairly stable in ever-depressed adults (ICC = 0.57) and never-depressed controls (ICC = 0.40). ICC values for both indices did not differ between groups per overlapping 95% confidence intervals. Therefore, RSA stability as assessed by both frequency (HF-HRV) and time domain (RMSSD) measures was not attenuated by a depression history. Implications and the need for future research are discussed.","journal":"Psychophysiology","year":2023,"id":366008,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9601,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":461253,"name":"Lauren M. Bylsma","orcid":"0000-0003-3828-1760","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":512477,"name":"Xiao Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-6421-2051","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":713269,"name":"J. Richard Jennings","orcid":"0000-0001-6988-3348","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":512480,"name":"Charles J. George","orcid":"0009-0009-2659-9203","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":512481,"name":"Mária Kovács","orcid":"0000-0001-5274-5045","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1121845,"name":"Andrew J. Seidman","orcid":"0000-0002-3218-4604","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":56,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:14:50.885797Z","pmid":"37646340","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}