{"doi":"10.1111/ppe.70101","title":"Trends in Gestational Weight Gain From 2007 to 2019: A Prospective Cohort Study","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Gestational weight gain (GWG), the maternal weight gained between pre-pregnancy and delivery, is an important risk factor for adverse maternal and infant health outcomes. In 1990, the National Academy of Medicine released GWG recommendations based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). These guidelines were revised in 2009, yet few studies have assessed temporal trends in GWG following the change. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate temporal trends in total GWG within a large, ongoing pregnancy cohort. METHODS: We used data from a prospective cohort in Boston, Massachusetts, of 3675 participants with deliveries between 2007 and 2019. Using 29,037 serial weight measures (median = 7/participant), we fit mixed-effect models to predict weight at delivery. Total GWG (kg) was defined as the difference between the model-predicted weight at delivery and self-reported pre-pregnancy weight. We categorised GWG as below, within or above the 2009 BMI-specific guidelines. We analysed proportional trends in GWG categories: (a) overall and (b) stratified by maternal characteristics (pre-pregnancy BMI, race/ethnicity, educational level and parity). We analysed trends in covariate-adjusted geometric mean (GMs) of GWG using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The proportion of participants gaining weight within the GWG guidelines decreased from 46% in 2007-2008 to 24% in 2018-2019, which was driven by an increase in those gaining above the guidelines (40% to 73%). Across maternal characteristics, the largest increases of proportions above the guidelines were among those of normal pre-pregnancy BMI (19% to 62%) and of non-Hispanic Black (48% to 85%) or non-Hispanic White (37% to 74%) race/ethnicity. Consistently, GMs increased from 8.3 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.3, 10.8) in 2007-2008 to 10.9 kg (95% CI 7.9, 14.9) in 2018-2019. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this large cohort study provide evidence that fewer women have been meeting the revised GWG guidelines and more have been gaining above the recommendations.","journal":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology","year":2025,"id":535664,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9566,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":302449,"name":"David E. Cantonwine","orcid":"0000-0002-3706-9584","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":521875,"name":"Lyndsey A. Darrow","orcid":"0000-0002-0137-8975","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105710,"name":"Kelly K. Ferguson","orcid":"0000-0001-8467-3250","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302451,"name":"Thomas F. McElrath","orcid":"0000-0003-0857-0107","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":494470,"name":"Barrett M. Welch","orcid":"0000-0002-1304-2272","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1419281,"name":"Belle Martin","orcid":"0009-0007-2783-1401","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:51:56.297114Z","pmid":"41351193","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}