{"doi":"10.1111/ppe.13077","title":"Community testing practices for autism within the autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network","abstract":"BACKGROUND: No data exist at the population level on what tests are used to aid in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in community practice. OBJECTIVES: To describe autism spectrum disorder testing practices to inform autism spectrum disorder identification efforts. METHODS: Data are from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, a multi-site surveillance system reporting prevalence estimates and characteristics of 8-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. Percentages of children with autism spectrum disorder who received any autism spectrum disorder test or a 'gold standard' test were calculated by site, sex, race, median household income, and intellectual ability status. Risk ratios were calculated to compare group differences. RESULTS: Of 5058 8-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder across 11 sites, 3236 (64.0%) had a record of any autism spectrum disorder test and 2136 (42.2%) had a 'gold standard' ADOS or ADI-R test. Overall, 115 children (2.3%) had both the ADOS and ADI-R in their records. Differences persisted across race, median household income, and intellectual ability status. Asian/Pacific Islander children had the highest percent receiving any ASD test (71.8%; other groups range: 57.4-66.0%) and White children had the highest percent receiving 'gold standard' tests (46.4%; other groups range: 35.6-43.2%). Children in low-income neighbourhoods had a lower percent of any test (62.5%) and 'gold standard' tests (39.4%) compared to medium (70.2% and 47.5%, respectively) and high (69.6% and 46.8%, respectively) income neighbourhoods. Children with intellectual disability had a lower percent of any ASD test (81.7%) and 'gold standard' tests (52.6%) compared to children without intellectual disability (84.0% and 57.6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Autism spectrum disorder testing practices vary widely by site and differ by race and presence of co-occurring intellectual disability, suggesting opportunities to standardise and/or improve autism spectrum disorder identification practices.","journal":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology","year":2024,"id":454368,"datarank":0.344398260653878,"base_score":2.0794415416798357,"endowment":2.0794415416798357,"self_citation_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citation_network_contribution":0.03248202940190262,"self_endowment_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citer_contribution":0.03248202940190262,"corpus_percentile":49.091049740852476,"corpus_rank":6582,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":6,"citers_with_citation_signal":2,"citers_with_endowment":2,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8583,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1251624,"name":"Esther Amoakohene","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232716,"name":"Matthew J. Maenner","orcid":"0000-0002-5963-9090","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":887171,"name":"Walter Zahorodny","orcid":"0000-0001-9050-8796","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":887721,"name":"Monica DiRienzo","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1277920,"name":"Andrea Grzybowski","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":313584,"name":"Jennifer Hall‐Lande","orcid":"0000-0002-7986-6872","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":958457,"name":"Elise T. Pas","orcid":"0000-0001-5000-4681","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":267629,"name":"Amanda V. Bakian","orcid":"0000-0001-6805-1160","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1110127,"name":"Maya Lopez","orcid":"0009-0006-4806-1103","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":313579,"name":"Mary Patrick","orcid":"0000-0003-1921-2807","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1277585,"name":"Josephine Shenouda","orcid":"0000-0003-2279-9549","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":313580,"name":"Kelly Shaw","orcid":"0000-0003-2964-8946","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1251237,"name":"Ashley Robinson Williams","orcid":"0000-0002-3627-8309","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":16,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:03:07.923686Z","pmid":"38531639","pmcid":"PMC11262993","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}