{"doi":"10.1111/opo.13316","title":"Effects of vision therapy on near exodeviation in children with convergence insufficiency treated during the convergence insufficiency treatment trials","abstract":"PURPOSE: To report the change in the magnitude of near exodeviation in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency successfully treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention and Reading Trial. METHODS: A total of 131 children 9-14 years of age with symptomatic convergence insufficiency classified as successfully treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy at the 16-week outcome visit were included. Masked examiners measured the near ocular deviation by the prism and alternate cover test at baseline, primary outcome and 1-year post-treatment. The mean change in near deviation was calculated from baseline to primary outcome, from primary outcome to 1-year post-treatment and from baseline to 1-year post-treatment. RESULTS: Of the 131 participants successfully treated with vergence/accommodative therapy, 120 completed the 1-year post-treatment visit. A significant change in near exodeviation was observed at baseline to primary outcome (2.6Δ less exo, p < 0.001, moderate effect size d = 0.61) and at baseline to 1-year post-treatment (2.0Δ less exo; p < 0.001, small effect size d = 0.45). The change from primary outcome to 1-year post-treatment (0.6Δ more exo; p = 0.06, small effect size d = 0.11) was not significant. Forty per cent (48/120) of participants had a decrease in near exodeviation >3.5∆ (expected test/retest variability) between baseline and the primary outcome examination. Of the 120 participants, one (1.0%) was esophoric at the primary outcome and was subsequently exophoric at 1-year post-treatment. Four participants (3.3%) who were orthophoric or exophoric at the primary outcome were esophoric (all ≤3∆) at the 1-year post-treatment visit. CONCLUSION: On average, the near exodeviation was smaller in size immediately after the discontinuation of vergence/accommodative therapy (2.6∆, moderate effect size) and 1 year post vergence/accommodative therapy (2.0∆, small effect size) in children with convergence insufficiency who were successfully treated; 40% had a clinically meaningful decrease in exophoria. The development of near esophoria was rare.","journal":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","year":2024,"id":470833,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8423,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":360634,"name":"Mitchell Scheiman","orcid":"0000-0002-9274-5696","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":360629,"name":"Marjean Taylor Kulp","orcid":"0000-0003-0486-6998","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":360627,"name":"Tawna L. Roberts","orcid":"0000-0002-6835-5559","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":360628,"name":"Susan A. Cotter","orcid":"0000-0002-8402-0521","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":238674,"name":"Loraine T. Sinnott","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":765876,"name":"Andrew J. Toole","orcid":"0009-0008-0535-2685","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1305494,"name":"The CITT‐ART Investigator Group","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1305170,"name":"Erica Schulman","orcid":"0009-0005-3400-1671","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":47,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:05:40.740958Z","pmid":"38619213","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}