{"doi":"10.1111/nph.17079","title":"A role for calcium‐dependent protein kinases in differential CO<sub>2</sub>‐ and ABA‐controlled stomatal closing and low CO<sub>2</sub>‐induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis","abstract":"Summary Low concentrations of CO 2 cause stomatal opening, whereas [CO 2 ] elevation leads to stomatal closure. Classical studies have suggested a role for Ca 2+ and protein phosphorylation in CO 2 ‐induced stomatal closing. Calcium‐dependent protein kinases (CPKs) and calcineurin‐B‐like proteins (CBLs) can sense and translate cytosolic elevation of the second messenger Ca 2+ into specific phosphorylation events. However, Ca 2+ ‐binding proteins that function in the stomatal CO 2 response remain unknown. Time‐resolved stomatal conductance measurements using intact plants, and guard cell patch‐clamp experiments were performed. We isolated cpk quintuple mutants and analyzed stomatal movements in response to CO 2 , light and abscisic acid (ABA). Interestingly, we found that cpk3/5/6/11/23 quintuple mutant plants, but not other analyzed cpk quadruple/quintuple mutants, were defective in high CO 2 ‐induced stomatal closure and, unexpectedly, also in low CO 2 ‐induced stomatal opening. Furthermore, K + ‐uptake‐channel activities were reduced in cpk3/5/6/11/23 quintuple mutants, in correlation with the stomatal opening phenotype. However, light‐mediated stomatal opening remained unaffected, and ABA responses showed slowing in some experiments. By contrast, CO 2 ‐regulated stomatal movement kinetics were not clearly affected in plasma membrane‐targeted cbl1/4/5/8/9 quintuple mutant plants. Our findings describe combinatorial cpk mutants that function in CO 2 control of stomatal movements and support the results of classical studies showing a role for Ca 2+ in this response.","journal":"New Phytologist","year":2020,"id":62177,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":53,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9478,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":226498,"name":"Guillaume Dubeaux","orcid":"0000-0003-0275-8467","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":234407,"name":"Paulo H. O. Ceciliato","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232349,"name":"Shintaro Munemasa","orcid":"0000-0003-1204-1822","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328865,"name":"Maris Nuhkat","orcid":"0000-0002-8001-4220","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328866,"name":"Dmitry Yarmolinsky","orcid":"0000-0002-9372-6091","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330231,"name":"Jaimee Aguilar","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330232,"name":"Renee Diaz","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328867,"name":"Tamar Azoulay‐Shemer","orcid":"0000-0002-4291-6901","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328868,"name":"Leonie Steinhorst","orcid":"0000-0002-1592-2732","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330233,"name":"Jan Niklas Offenborn","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328869,"name":"Jörg Kudla","orcid":"0000-0002-8238-767X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":284844,"name":"Hannes Kollist","orcid":"0000-0002-6895-3583","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226500,"name":"Julian I. Schroeder","orcid":"0000-0002-3283-5972","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328864,"name":"Sebastian Schulze","orcid":"0000-0001-8000-0577","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":80,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:10:11.612909Z","pmid":"33187027","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}