{"doi":"10.1111/nmo.14977","title":"Sex Differences, Menses‐Related Symptoms and Menopause in Disorders of Gut–Brain Interaction","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) predominate in women, but little is known about sex differences in menses-related or menopause symptoms. METHODS: Using data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Survey, we assessed Rome IV DGBI symptoms in individuals in 26 countries who met criteria for ≥ 1 of 5 DGBI: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), functional constipation (FC), functional diarrhea (FDr), or functional bloating (FB). Participants included pre- and post-menopausal women with DGBI and age-matched men. Odds ratios estimated sex and age differences for symptom by sex or pre- vs. post-menopause in logistic regression; standardized mean difference (SMD) provided effect sizes. KEY RESULTS: 14,570 participants met criteria for ≥ 1 of the 5 DGBI. Women exceeded men in most symptoms. In FD, women stopped eating due to early satiety more than men (11.1 vs. 8.9 days/month, SMD 0.21). Symptoms were generally increased in premenopausal women and younger men compared to older counterparts; however, only premenopausal IBS, FD, and FC women reported increased constipation-associated symptoms. Compared to premenopausal women, postmenopausal women had increased accidental stool leakage in IBS and FDr, and increased digital manual maneuvers in FC (18% vs. 25% frequency, SMD -0.25). IBS and FD had the most menses-associated symptoms. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: Women had higher symptom frequency across the 5 DGBI compared to men. Our findings suggest that premenopausal women have greater visceral perception than postmenopausal women, although increased outlet symptoms in postmenopausal women indicate greater anorectal/pelvic dysfunction. While age alone has some influence on symptoms, female sex hormones may also increase visceral perception.","journal":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","year":2025,"id":511396,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":15,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8478,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1043975,"name":"Jóhann P. Hreinsson","orcid":"0000-0002-0078-3063","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":953288,"name":"Joanna J. Kim","orcid":"0000-0002-3298-7757","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1041392,"name":"Ami D. Sperber","orcid":"0000-0002-7634-3689","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425639,"name":"Olafur S. Palsson","orcid":"0000-0002-4480-3708","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":455174,"name":"Shrikant I. Bangdiwala","orcid":"0000-0002-3111-0689","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":323288,"name":"Lin Chang","orcid":"0000-0001-6800-2967","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":880837,"name":"Rachel P. Sarnoff","orcid":"0000-0002-0797-3564","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":62,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:47:55.918021Z","pmid":"39748465","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}