{"doi":"10.1111/mmi.14064","title":"Biosynthesis of the yellow xanthomonadin pigments involves an ATP‐dependent 3‐hydroxybenzoic acid: acyl carrier protein ligase and an unusual type II polyketide synthase pathway","abstract":"<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>Xanthomonadins are yellow pigments that are produced by the phytopathogen <jats:italic>Xanthomonas campestris </jats:italic>pv<jats:italic>. campestris</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Xcc</jats:italic>). A <jats:italic>pig</jats:italic> cluster is responsible for xanthomonadin biosynthesis. Previously, <jats:italic>Xcc4014</jats:italic> of the cluster was characterized as a bifunctional chorismatase that produces 3‐hydroxybenzoic acid (3‐HBA) and 4‐HBA. In this study, genetic analysis identified 11 genes within the <jats:italic>pig</jats:italic> cluster to be essential for xanthomonadin biosynthesis. Biochemical and bioinformatics analysis suggest that xanthomonadins are synthesized via an unusual type II polyketide synthase pathway. Heterologous expression of the <jats:italic>pig</jats:italic> cluster in non‐xanthomonadin‐producing <jats:italic>Pseudomonas</jats:italic> <jats:italic>aeruginosa</jats:italic> strain resulted in the synthesis of chlorinated xanthomonadin‐like pigments. Further analysis showed that <jats:italic>xanC</jats:italic> encodes an acyl carrier protein (ACP) while <jats:italic>xanA2</jats:italic> encodes a ATP‐dependent 3‐HBA:ACP ligase. Both of them act together to catalyse the formation of 3‐HBA‐S‐ACP from 3‐HBA to initiate xanthomonadin biosynthesis. Finally, we showed that <jats:italic>xanH</jats:italic> encodes a FabG‐like enzyme and <jats:italic>xanK </jats:italic>encodes a novel glycosyltransferase. Both <jats:italic>xanH</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>xanK </jats:italic>are not only required for xanthomonadin biosynthesis, but also required for the balanced biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides and DSF‐family quorum sensing signals. These findings provide us with a better understanding of xanthomonadin biosynthetic mechanisms and directly demonstrate the presence of extensive cross‐talk among xanthomonadin biosynthetic pathways and other metabolic pathways.</jats:p>","journal":"Molecular Microbiology","year":2018,"id":37384,"datarank":1.0447385355795844,"base_score":3.4657359027997265,"endowment":3.4657359027997265,"self_citation_contribution":0.519860385419959,"citation_network_contribution":0.5248781501596255,"self_endowment_contribution":0.519860385419959,"citer_contribution":0.5248781501596255,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":31,"citer_count":25,"citers_with_citation_signal":16,"citers_with_endowment":16,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":187459,"name":"Jia‐Yuan Wang,","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":187460,"name":"Lian Zhou","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":187461,"name":"Bo 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31772121","title":null}],"total_grants":4,"fwci":3.371,"citation_percentile":0.92018512,"influential_citations":2,"citation_trend":[{"year":2018,"count":2},{"year":2019,"count":2},{"year":2020,"count":4},{"year":2021,"count":2},{"year":2022,"count":6},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":4},{"year":2025,"count":10}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/mmi.14064","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/mmi.14064","host_type":"BRONZE"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/mmi.14064","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fmmi.14064","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mmi.14064","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/mmi.14064","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14064","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29995983","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Plant-Microbe 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