{"doi":"10.1111/micc.12768","title":"In vivo phenotyping of the microvasculature in necrotizing enterocolitis with multicontrast optical imaging","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal emergency in premature infants and is characterized by a dysfunctional gut microcirculation. Therefore, there is a dire need for in vivo methods to characterize NEC-induced changes in the structure and function of the gut microcirculation, that is, its vascular phenotype. Since in vivo gut imaging methods are often slow and employ a single-contrast mechanism, we developed a rapid multicontrast imaging technique and a novel analyses pipeline for phenotyping the gut microcirculation. METHODS: field of view at 5 μm resolution via the following two endogenous contrast mechanisms: intrinsic optical signals and laser speckles. Next, we transformed intestinal images into rectilinear \"flat maps,\" and delineated 1A/V gut microvessels and their perfusion territories as \"intestinal vascular units\" (IVUs). Employing IVUs, we quantified and visualized NEC-induced changes to the gut vascular phenotype. RESULTS: In vivo imaging required 60-100 s per animal. Relative to the healthy gut, NEC intestines showed a significant overall decrease (i.e. 64-72%) in perfusion, accompanied by vasoconstriction (i.e. 9-12%) and a reduction in perfusion entropy (19%)within sections of the vascular bed. CONCLUSIONS: Multicontrast imaging coupled with IVU-based in vivo vascular phenotyping is a powerful new tool for elucidating NEC pathogenesis.","journal":"Microcirculation","year":2022,"id":264136,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.962,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":247978,"name":"Mark L. Kovler","orcid":"0000-0001-6682-828X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":921724,"name":"Ayush Prasad","orcid":"0009-0001-9834-1297","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":882163,"name":"Akanksha Bhargava","orcid":"0000-0001-8297-6055","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":495292,"name":"Nitish V. Thakor","orcid":"0000-0002-9981-9395","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":247974,"name":"Chhinder P. Sodhi","orcid":"0000-0002-1366-4813","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":247986,"name":"David J. Hackam","orcid":"0000-0001-5195-8807","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":827614,"name":"Arvind P. Pathak","orcid":"0000-0002-2068-9445","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":827612,"name":"Janaka Senarathna","orcid":"0000-0002-5969-0486","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":56,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:26:37.567338Z","pmid":"35593520","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}