{"doi":"10.1111/mcn.70063","title":"Efficacy of Breast Crawling on Breastfeeding Outcomes, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Anxiety Status After Term Vaginal Birth: A Randomized Controlled Trial","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label/><jats:p>Breast crawl technique is a strategy for initiating breastfeeding immediately after delivery. This study evaluated the effects of breast crawl on neonatal feeding style, knowledge, attitudes, and anxiety levels of breastfeeding through a single‐center randomized controlled trial. A total of 295 mother‐infant pairs were recruited and randomly divided into the breast crawl group (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 149) and the conventional skin‐to‐skin contact group (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 146). Compared with the conventional skin‐to‐skin contact group, the breast crawl group had higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 24 h (65.1% vs. 15.8%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), day 3 (58.4% vs. 24.7%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.005), month 1 (57.7% vs. 45.9%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.025), and month 6 (47.0% vs. 11.6%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), higher BAT scores (11.00 vs. 9.00, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001), higher success rates of first breastfeeding (93.3% vs. 82.9%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.006), shorter time for the onset of lactogenesis stage II (23.65 vs. 49.38, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), more stable forehead skin temperature within 2 h of birth, and improved maternal anxiety (38.75 vs 41.88, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and breastfeeding attitudes (59.00 vs. 57.00, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.032) on the first day postpartum. There was no statistically significant difference in breastfeeding knowledge (89.00 vs. 89.00, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.909) between the two groups on the first day postpartum. This study demonstrated that breast crawling has a positive effect on increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates and neonatal thermoregulation, reducing maternal anxiety levels, and improving feeding attitudes.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration</jats:title><jats:p>ChiCTR2500099756.</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition","year":2025,"id":647568,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":1,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1223802,"name":"Chen Fan","orcid":"0000-0003-1211-3427","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687224,"name":"He Hongyu","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687225,"name":"Huang Yinying","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687226,"name":"Lu Meidan","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687227,"name":"Lin Qiaoli","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687228,"name":"Li Linghong","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687229,"name":"Yang Bifeng","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687230,"name":"Xie Yuezhen","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687223,"name":"Huang Lingling","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Efficacy of Breast Crawling on Breastfeeding Outcomes, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Anxiety Status After Term Vaginal Birth: A Randomized Controlled Trial","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label/><jats:p>Breast crawl technique is a strategy for initiating breastfeeding immediately after delivery. This study evaluated the effects of breast crawl on neonatal feeding style, knowledge, attitudes, and anxiety levels of breastfeeding through a single‐center randomized controlled trial. A total of 295 mother‐infant pairs were recruited and randomly divided into the breast crawl group (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 149) and the conventional skin‐to‐skin contact group (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 146). Compared with the conventional skin‐to‐skin contact group, the breast crawl group had higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 24 h (65.1% vs. 15.8%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), day 3 (58.4% vs. 24.7%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.005), month 1 (57.7% vs. 45.9%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.025), and month 6 (47.0% vs. 11.6%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), higher BAT scores (11.00 vs. 9.00, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001), higher success rates of first breastfeeding (93.3% vs. 82.9%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.006), shorter time for the onset of lactogenesis stage II (23.65 vs. 49.38, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), more stable forehead skin temperature within 2 h of birth, and improved maternal anxiety (38.75 vs 41.88, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and breastfeeding attitudes (59.00 vs. 57.00, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.032) on the first day postpartum. There was no statistically significant difference in breastfeeding knowledge (89.00 vs. 89.00, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.909) between the two groups on the first day postpartum. This study demonstrated that breast crawling has a positive effect on increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates and neonatal thermoregulation, reducing maternal anxiety levels, and improving feeding attitudes.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration</jats:title><jats:p>ChiCTR2500099756.</jats:p></jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"40619948","pmcid":"PMC12454173","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4412096538","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Research funded by the Nursing Association of Xiamen City (XMSHLXH2306).","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"Research funded by the Nursing Association of Xiamen City (XMSHLXH2306).","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":0.768,"citation_percentile":0.72498659,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/mcn.70063","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/mcn.70063","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mcn.70063","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70063","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40619948","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb24421ba978464788cfa86d9fcc8023","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12454173","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12454173/","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12454173","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12454173?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues","Infant Development and Preterm Care","Humans","Female","Breast Feeding","Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","Anxiety","Adult","Infant, Newborn","Mothers","Young Adult"],"mesh_terms":["Adult","Anxiety","Breast Feeding","Female","Humans","Infant, Newborn","Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","Mothers","Young Adult"],"keywords":["Medicine","Breastfeeding","Randomized controlled trial","Breast feeding","Breast milk","Anxiety","Obstetrics","Pediatrics","Internal medicine","Psychiatry","Knowledge","Attitudes","Breast Crawl"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"doi"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-10T01:14:50.492363Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}