{"doi":"10.1111/jphp.12485","title":"Inhibitory effects of <i>A</i>\n                  <i>ster spathulifolius</i> extract on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A ster spathulifolius Maxim (AS), known for its anti-viral and anti-allergic activity, is also known to reduce body weight gain in high fat diet-induced obese rats. But its molecular mechanism of the anti-obesity effects is still unclear. So, we investigated the inhibitory effect of AS extract (ASE) on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation to determine the underlying cellular molecular mechanism.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To perform this study, the contents of intracellular triglyceride were analysed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were carried out to investigate the expression of adipogenic transcriptional factors.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ASE showed the suppression of adipogenic differentiation and the considerable reduction of the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Especially, ASE inhibited the early stage of differentiation via the downregulation of C/EBP-β and C/EBP-δ, which are early adipogenic factors. Major adipogenic factors, such as PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α, were also subsequently inhibited. These findings were supported by Oil Red O staining and intracellular triglyceride levels. A molecular mechanism liking the effect of ASE was identified through the activation of AMPKα pathway. ASE increased protein levels of phosphorylated AMPKα and phosphorylated ACC.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ASE showed anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effects through the regulation of adipogenic factors and AMPKα pathway.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>","journal":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","year":2016,"id":20516,"datarank":0.6805374189166257,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"self_citation_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citation_network_contribution":0.2743298887512941,"self_endowment_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citer_contribution":0.2743298887512941,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":14,"citer_count":10,"citers_with_citation_signal":6,"citers_with_endowment":6,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":135321,"name":"Se-Young Choung","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":135320,"name":"Sa-Jic Kim","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"26471469","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2185909720","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Kyung Hee University","grant_id":"KHU-20050434","title":null},{"funder_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy","grant_id":"10045257","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":1.0852,"citation_percentile":0.79115251,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2016,"count":3},{"year":2017,"count":1},{"year":2018,"count":1},{"year":2019,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":3},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpp/article-pdf/68/1/107/36227020/jphp12485.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpp/article-pdf/68/1/107/36227020/jphp12485.pdf","host_type":"BRONZE"},{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpp/article-pdf/68/1/107/36227020/jphp12485.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fjphp.12485","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jpp/article-pdf/68/1/107/60230877/jphp12485.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12485","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26471469","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment","Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors","Medicine","Biology","3T3-L1 Cells","Adipocytes","Adipogenesis","Animals","Aster Plant","CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha","Cell Differentiation","Cell Line","Down-Regulation","Lipid Metabolism","Mice","Obesity","PPAR gamma","Phosphorylation","Plant Extracts","Signal Transduction","Triglycerides"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Cell Differentiation","Cell Line","Obesity","Phosphorylation","Plant Extracts","Triglycerides","Signal Transduction","Down-Regulation","Adipocytes","CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha","Aster Plant","3T3-L1 Cells","PPAR gamma","Adipogenesis","Lipid Metabolism","Mice"],"keywords":["Adipogenesis","Oil Red O","AMPK","3T3-L1","Triglyceride","Chemistry","Intracellular","Downregulation and upregulation","Lipid droplet","Endocrinology","Phosphorylation","Internal medicine","Biochemistry","In vitro","Biology","Protein kinase A","Cholesterol","Medicine","Gene","3T3-L1 cells","Ppar-γ","Ampkα","Aster Spathulifolius Maxim"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-05T12:38:50.853647Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}