{"doi":"10.1111/josh.13087","title":"Disparities in Local Wellness Policies Implementation Across Maryland Schools","abstract":"BACKGROUND: School-level implementation of district-level local wellness policies (LWPs) is needed to create school environments that promote nutrition and physical activity (PA). Disparities in classroom-specific LWPs implementation were examined. METHODS: An administrator survey (N = 756 schools; 24/24 districts) included 6 classrooms LWP best-practice items (fully/not fully implemented: restricting food celebrations or rewards, incorporating PA breaks or integrating PA in curricula, restricting withholding or using PA as punishment). A sum score (alpha = .71; elementary and middle/high examined separately) was used to examine associations with student body income (free-and-reduced priced meals (FARMS): ≤40%, 41-75%, ≥75%), race/ethnicity, and school location (rural/urban/suburban), accounting for district-level clustering, with moderation examined. RESULTS: Classroom implementation scores were: elementary = 3.1 ± 1.8 (range: 0-6/6 items) and middle/high = 2.3 ± 1.6 (range:0-5/5 items). Among elementary and middle/high schools, 65% and 55% had >40% FARMS, 39% and 46% had ≥50% white student body, and 24% and 23% were urban, respectively. Elementary schools with >40% of FARMS-eligible students and middle/high schools with <25% white students reported implementing fewer items. Location was not associated with classroom practices nor was moderation observed. CONCLUSIONS: Disparities in classroom-specific LWP best practices implementation were observed by income and race/ethnicity. Tailored support may be needed to improve classroom LWP implementation in schools serving low-income students.","journal":"Journal of School Health","year":2021,"id":204592,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7712,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":395538,"name":"Elizabeth Parker","orcid":"0000-0001-7403-3217","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415873,"name":"Hannah Lane","orcid":"0000-0001-8370-6647","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":787449,"name":"Diana Rubio","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":786955,"name":"Yan Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-4609-3033","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415876,"name":"Erin R. Hager","orcid":"0000-0002-5499-2952","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415872,"name":"Termeh Feinberg","orcid":"0000-0003-2567-1567","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":61,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:51:26.121843Z","pmid":"34671980","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}