{"doi":"10.1111/joa.13032","title":"Somite development in the avian tail","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Somites are epithelial segments of the paraxial mesoderm. Shortly after their formation, the epithelial somites undergo extensive cellular rearrangements and form specific somite compartments, including the sclerotome and the myotome, which give rise to the axial skeleton and to striated musculature, respectively. The dynamics of somite development varies along the body axis, but most research has focused on somite development at thoracolumbar levels. The development of tail somites has not yet been thoroughly characterized, even though vertebrate tail development has been intensely studied recently with respect to the termination of segmentation and the limitation of body length in evolution. Here, we provide a detailed description of the somites in the avian tail from the beginning of tail formation at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH</jats:styled-content>‐stage 20 to the onset of degeneration of tail segments at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH</jats:styled-content>‐stage 27. We characterize the formation of somite compartment formation in the tail region with respect to morphology and the expression patterns of the sclerotomal marker gene <jats:italic>paired‐box gene 1 (Pax1)</jats:italic> and the myotomal marker genes <jats:italic>MyoD</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>myogenic factor 5 (Myf5)</jats:italic>. Our study gives insight into the development of the very last segments formed in the avian embryo, and provides a basis for further research on the development of tail somite derivatives such as tail vertebrae, pygostyle and tail musculature.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Anatomy","year":2019,"id":594011,"datarank":0.24141568686511508,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"self_citation_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":695650,"name":"Kathrin Heim","orcid":"0000-0001-5864-1853","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1520448,"name":"Renate Batke","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1520449,"name":"Martin Wegele","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1520450,"name":"Felicitas Pröls","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1520451,"name":"Martin Scaal","orcid":"0000-0001-5654-6895","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1520447,"name":"Margarethe Draga","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Somite development in the avian tail","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Somites are epithelial segments of the paraxial mesoderm. Shortly after their formation, the epithelial somites undergo extensive cellular rearrangements and form specific somite compartments, including the sclerotome and the myotome, which give rise to the axial skeleton and to striated musculature, respectively. The dynamics of somite development varies along the body axis, but most research has focused on somite development at thoracolumbar levels. The development of tail somites has not yet been thoroughly characterized, even though vertebrate tail development has been intensely studied recently with respect to the termination of segmentation and the limitation of body length in evolution. Here, we provide a detailed description of the somites in the avian tail from the beginning of tail formation at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH</jats:styled-content>‐stage 20 to the onset of degeneration of tail segments at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH</jats:styled-content>‐stage 27. We characterize the formation of somite compartment formation in the tail region with respect to morphology and the expression patterns of the sclerotomal marker gene <jats:italic>paired‐box gene 1 (Pax1)</jats:italic> and the myotomal marker genes <jats:italic>MyoD</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>myogenic factor 5 (Myf5)</jats:italic>. Our study gives insight into the development of the very last segments formed in the avian embryo, and provides a basis for further research on the development of tail somite derivatives such as tail vertebrae, pygostyle and tail musculature.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"31225912","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2951448828","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.1657,"citation_percentile":0.50879948,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2021,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/joa.13032","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/joa.13032","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fjoa.13032","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/joa.13032","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/joa.13032","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13032","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31225912","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/267535","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6742930","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation","Congenital heart defects research","Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Birds","Chick Embryo","Tail","Somites","Embryonic Development"],"keywords":["Somite","Myotome","Paraxial mesoderm","MYF5","Biology","MyoD","Mesoderm","Somitogenesis","Anatomy","Cell biology","Notochord","Compartment (ship)","Axial skeleton","Embryo","Myogenesis","Embryogenesis","Myocyte","Genetics","Gene","Embryonic stem cell","Chicken","Tail","Somites"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-27T13:11:25.457582Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}