{"doi":"10.1111/jns.70039","title":"Intravenous Immunoglobulin Elevates Regulatory T Cells in Guillain‐Barré Syndrome: A Potential Biomarker of Therapeutic Response","abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is the primary treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), yet its immunological mechanisms underlying variable clinical outcomes remain unclear. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effect of IVIg on regulatory T cells (Tregs), cytokines, and their association with treatment response and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Treg percentages, cytokine production (IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12), and serum C3 levels were measured using flow cytometry, Luminex assay, and turbidimetric methods, respectively. Treatment response was defined as ≥ 1-point GBS-disability score improvement during evaluation. RESULTS: Tregs frequencies compared to HCs (p = 0.006), which were inversely associated with serum C3 levels (p = 0.003) during the acute phase. At 4 weeks post-onset, patients with normal C3 levels (90-180 mg/dL) exhibited higher Treg frequencies (p = 0.005) compared to acute GBS, whereas patients with persistently elevated C3 levels showed reduced Treg percentage (p = 0.009). Among I VIg-treated patients, Tregs significantly increased at 2 and 4 weeks post-treatment, alongside significantly higher IL-10 and lower TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12 levels at 4 weeks. However, patients with supportive care showed no such changes in Tregs and cytokine levels. Furthermore, Tregs elevated significantly in patients responsive to IVIg at 2 and 4 weeks (p < 0.05), but not in non-responsive or supportive care patients. INTERPRETATION: Tregs and altering cytokines and serum C3 levels, which are associated with clinical improvement. These findings indicate Tregs as potential biomarkers for monitoring initial clinical response to IVIg in GBS.","journal":"Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System","year":2025,"id":553281,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9657,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1072821,"name":"Rasel Ahmed","orcid":"0000-0002-7756-0992","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1072822,"name":"Jigishu Ahmed","orcid":"0000-0002-1857-5705","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445581,"name":"Md Nure Alam Afsar","orcid":"0000-0002-7251-7661","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1073277,"name":"Pritha Promita Biswas","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1073276,"name":"Sarah Khurshid","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":545668,"name":"Quazi Deen Mohammad","orcid":"0000-0003-1156-7654","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638588,"name":"Hubert P. Endtz","orcid":"0000-0002-1018-0864","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":849856,"name":"Ruth Huizinga","orcid":"0000-0002-9563-4860","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":288774,"name":"Bart C. Jacobs","orcid":"0000-0002-8985-2458","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":530226,"name":"Zhahirul Islam","orcid":"0000-0003-0935-8079","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":791058,"name":"Israt Jahan","orcid":"0000-0001-9594-0705","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:41.819682Z","pmid":"40558063","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}