{"doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14159","title":"<scp>DSM</scp> ‐5 based algorithms for the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised for children ages 4–17 years","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R) is a caregiver interview that is widely used as part of the diagnostic assessment for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Few large-scale studies have reported the sensitivity and specificity of the ADI-R algorithms, which are based on DSM-IV Autistic Disorder criteria. Kim and Lord (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012, 42, 82) developed revised DSM-5-based toddler algorithms, which are only applicable to children under 4 years. The current study developed DSM-5-based algorithms for children ages 4-17 years and examined their performance compared to clinical diagnosis and to the original DSM-IV-based algorithms. METHODS: Participants included 2,905 cases (2,144 ASD, 761 non-ASD) from clinical-research databanks. Children were clinically referred for ASD-related concerns or recruited for ASD-focused research projects, and their caregivers completed the ADI-R as part of a comprehensive diagnostic assessment. Items relevant to DSM-5 ASD criteria were selected for the new algorithms primarily based on their ability to discriminate ASD from non-ASD cases. Algorithms were created for individuals with and without reported use of phrase speech. Confirmatory factor analysis tested the fit of a DSM-5-based two-factor structure. ROC curve analyses examined the diagnostic accuracy of the revised algorithms compared to clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: The two-factor structure of the revised ADI-R algorithms showed adequate fit. Sensitivity of the original ADI-R algorithm ranged from 74% to 96%, and specificity ranged from 38% to 83%. The revised DSM-5-based algorithms performed similarly or better, with sensitivity ranging from 77% to 99% and specificity ranging from 71% to 92%. CONCLUSIONS: In this large sample aggregated from US clinical-research sites, the original ADI-R algorithm showed adequate diagnostic validity, with poorer specificity among individuals without phrase speech. The revised DSM-5-based algorithms introduced here performed comparably to the original algorithms, with improved specificity in individuals without phrase speech. These revised algorithms offer an alternative method for summarizing ASD symptoms in a DSM-5-compatible manner.","journal":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","year":2025,"id":522917,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9543,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":537553,"name":"Shuting Zheng","orcid":"0000-0002-0821-2716","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326936,"name":"Lindsay Olson","orcid":"0000-0002-9819-3749","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":537554,"name":"Vanessa H. Bal","orcid":"0000-0003-0750-823X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":272285,"name":"Audrey Thurm","orcid":"0000-0002-0489-9485","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":272284,"name":"Amy Esler","orcid":"0000-0001-7087-1432","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":272286,"name":"Stephen M. Kanne","orcid":"0000-0002-8691-5759","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":422738,"name":"So Hyun Kim","orcid":"0000-0003-4269-0866","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":40141,"name":"Catherine Lord","orcid":"0000-0001-5633-1253","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1395010,"name":"China Parenteau","orcid":"0000-0001-6812-9263","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1395011,"name":"Kerri P. Nowell","orcid":"0000-0003-3307-1414","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":597327,"name":"Jane E. Roberts","orcid":"0000-0001-6924-0596","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1053699,"name":"Nicole Takahashi","orcid":"0000-0002-5421-2637","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104411,"name":"Somer Bishop","orcid":"0000-0002-2592-4715","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1269597,"name":"Linnea A. Lampinen","orcid":"0000-0003-4379-5782","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":58,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:49:58.707747Z","pmid":"40103289","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}