{"doi":"10.1111/jbi.14330","title":"Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities","abstract":"Abstract Aim Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species harmonised to the taxonomy of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) mobilised from two sources, the Handbook of the Mammals of the World (HMW) and the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (CMW). Location Global. Taxon All extant mammal species. Methods Range maps were digitally interpreted, georeferenced, error‐checked and subsequently taxonomically aligned between the HMW (6253 species), the CMW (6431 species) and the MDD taxonomies (6362 species). Results Range maps can be evaluated and visualised in an online map browser at Map of Life ( mol.org ) and accessed for individual or batch download for non‐commercial use. Main conclusion Expert maps of species' global distributions are limited in their spatial detail and temporal specificity, but form a useful basis for broad‐scale characterizations and model‐based integration with other data. We provide georeferenced range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species as shapefiles, with species‐level metadata and source information packaged together in geodatabase format. Across the three taxonomic sources our maps entail, there are 1784 taxonomic name differences compared to the maps currently available on the IUCN Red List website. The expert maps provided here are harmonised to the MDD taxonomic authority and linked to a community of online tools that will enable transparent future updates and version control.","journal":"Journal of Biogeography","year":2022,"id":233003,"datarank":1.8322304716825226,"base_score":5.017279836814924,"endowment":5.017279836814924,"self_citation_contribution":0.7525919755222388,"citation_network_contribution":1.0796384961602838,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7525919755222388,"citer_contribution":1.0796384961602838,"corpus_percentile":88.45052989866171,"corpus_rank":1494,"citation_count":150,"citer_count":100,"citers_with_citation_signal":51,"citers_with_endowment":51,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9094,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":37.5,"fair_percentile":50.687863038826045,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":844546,"name":"Yanina V. Sica","orcid":"0000-0002-1720-0127","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844547,"name":"Connor Burgin","orcid":"0000-0001-6577-2739","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844548,"name":"Wendy A. Dorman","orcid":"0000-0002-4553-6808","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844549,"name":"Robert C. Anderson","orcid":"0009-0001-6023-5448","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845502,"name":"Isabel del Toro Mijares","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845503,"name":"Jessica G. Vigneron","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844550,"name":"Vijay Barve","orcid":"0000-0002-4852-2567","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845504,"name":"Victoria L. Dombrowik","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844551,"name":"Michelle Duong","orcid":"0000-0002-3952-5213","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":19792,"name":"Robert Guralnick","orcid":"0000-0001-6682-1504","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844552,"name":"Julie A. Hart","orcid":"0000-0002-8443-7028","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845505,"name":"J. Krish Maypole","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845506,"name":"Kira McCall","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844553,"name":"Ajay Ranipeta","orcid":"0000-0003-0144-2671","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845507,"name":"Anna Schuerkmann","orcid":null,"position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845508,"name":"Michael A. Torselli","orcid":null,"position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844554,"name":"Thomas E. Lacher","orcid":"0000-0002-2398-3439","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":62213,"name":"Russell A. Mittermeier","orcid":"0000-0002-8002-826X","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844555,"name":"Anthony B. Rylands","orcid":"0000-0001-6284-248X","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844556,"name":"Wes Sechrest","orcid":"0000-0001-6471-3366","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844557,"name":"Don E. Wilson","orcid":"0000-0003-4228-5334","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844558,"name":"Agustín M. Abba","orcid":"0000-0002-7058-4027","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845509,"name":"Luis F. Aguirre","orcid":null,"position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844559,"name":"Joaquín Arroyo‐Cabrales","orcid":"0000-0002-9095-489X","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844560,"name":"Diego Astúa","orcid":"0000-0002-9573-6437","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844561,"name":"Andrew Baker","orcid":"0000-0001-8825-1522","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844562,"name":"Gill Braulik","orcid":"0000-0001-8919-4187","position":27,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844563,"name":"Janet K. Braun","orcid":"0000-0001-7268-610X","position":28,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844564,"name":"Jorge Brito","orcid":"0000-0002-3410-6669","position":29,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844565,"name":"Peter E. Busher","orcid":"0000-0001-7612-1931","position":30,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844566,"name":"Santiago F. Burneo","orcid":"0000-0003-0696-1817","position":31,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844567,"name":"M. Alejandra Camacho","orcid":"0000-0001-7965-184X","position":32,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845510,"name":"Paolo Cavallini","orcid":null,"position":33,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844568,"name":"Elisandra de Almeida Chiquito","orcid":"0000-0003-2471-190X","position":34,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448709,"name":"Joseph A. Cook","orcid":"0000-0003-3985-0670","position":35,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844569,"name":"Tamás Cserkész","orcid":"0000-0002-4206-3208","position":36,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844570,"name":"Gábor Csorba","orcid":"0000-0001-5720-4600","position":37,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844571,"name":"Erika Cuéllar Soto","orcid":"0000-0003-2271-8956","position":38,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844572,"name":"Valéria da Cunha Tavares","orcid":"0000-0003-0966-0139","position":39,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844573,"name":"Tim R. B. Davenport","orcid":"0000-0001-9640-1922","position":40,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844574,"name":"Thomas A. 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Marsh","orcid":"0000-0002-0281-3115","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":45,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:21:18.683916Z","pmid":"35506011","pmcid":"PMC9060555","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":44.4444,"fair_a":37.5,"fair_i":60.0,"fair_r":25.0,"fair_zscore":0.1208,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":37.5,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":44.44,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-7r3j-8066 (HMW), https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-zzrs-q778 (CMW) and https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-48vz-p413 (MDD)","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper provides DOIs for its own datasets, which are persistent identifiers. 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[majority verdict 'no' (2/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No code locator is provided for the study's own code.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"DEB-144173","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper includes grant numbers from NSF and NIH.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No standard open licence (e.g., CC0, CC BY) is named for the data; only a non-commercial use condition is stated. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For ecology / environmental data, deposit in GBIF, PANGAEA or Dryad.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-7r3j-8066 (HMW), https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-zzrs-q778 (CMW) and https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-48vz-p413 (MDD)","why":"The paper provides DOIs for its own datasets, which are persistent identifiers. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":8.33,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For ecology / environmental data, deposit in GBIF, PANGAEA or Dryad.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"All three datasets are hosted primarily in Map of Life (MOL, mol.org)","why":"Map of Life is named as the host and issues DOIs, qualifying as a repository. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":8.33,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","dimension":"A","label":"Access route free of preconditions","action":"Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For ecology / environmental data, deposit in GBIF, PANGAEA or Dryad.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"All range maps for the three taxonomic sources are openly available for non-commercial use through https://mol.org/datasets or at species-level at https://mol.org/species, or for bulk download at https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-7r3j-8066 (HMW), https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-zzrs-q778 (CMW) and https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-48vz-p413 (MDD)","why":"The data are stated to be 'openly available' now with no access precondition other than a non-commercial use condition, which is a license condition not an access precondition. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":8.33,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the ecology / environmental repository accession (e.g. from GBIF, PANGAEA or Dryad) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Maps are available for bulk download at https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-7r3j-8066 (HMW), https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-zzrs-q778 (CMW) and https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-48vz-p413 (MDD)","why":"The dataset DOIs appear only in the body text, not as a reference-list entry. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"x_code_availability","dimension":"R","label":"Analysis code available","action":"Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No code locator is provided for the study's own code.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"r_versioning","dimension":"R","label":"Snapshot identified","action":"Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No version token or date is provided for the released data; the DOIs are persistent but not version-specific. [majority verdict 'no' (2/5 passes agreed)]","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"All range maps for the three taxonomic sources are openly available for non-commercial use through https://mol.org/datasets or at species-level at https://mol.org/species, or for bulk download at https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-7r3j-8066 (HMW), https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-zzrs-q778 (CMW) and https://doi.org/10.48600/mol-48vz-p413 (MDD)","why":"The statement points to repository records with DOIs, falling under Colavizza category 3. 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[downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"All range maps for the three taxonomic sources are openly available for non-commercial use","why":"The paper labels the data as 'openly available', which is a natural-language synonym for 'open access'. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In ecology / environmental, describe the data with Darwin Core or Ecological Metadata Language (EML).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No data or metadata community standard from the defined list (e.g., MIAME, Dublin Core, OBO ontology) is named. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Table 4. Details of the metadata fields in the attributes of each species' shapefile","why":"Variable definitions are provided inside the article as a table, not as a separate documentation object shipped with the data. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (2/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. 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NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No sentence in the paper states when the data become available or how long they persist.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For ecology / environmental data, deposit in GBIF, PANGAEA or Dryad.","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For ecology / environmental data, deposit in GBIF, PANGAEA or Dryad.","Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For ecology / environmental data, deposit in GBIF, PANGAEA or Dryad.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the ecology / environmental repository accession (e.g. from GBIF, PANGAEA or Dryad) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T10:58:54.661002Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}