{"doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00386.x","title":"The effect of cocoa polyphenols on the growth, metabolism, and biofilm formation by <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i>","abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine if cocoa polyphenols could interfere with biofilm formation by <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Streptococcus sanguinis</jats:italic>, and reduce acid production from sucrose by <jats:italic>S. mutans.</jats:italic> The antimicrobial activity of cocoa polyphenols was assessed against cariogenic (<jats:italic>S. mutans</jats:italic>) and health‐associated (<jats:italic>S. sanguinis</jats:italic>) species by minimum inhibitory concentration assays. Cocoa polyphenol dimer, tetramer, and pentamer inhibited the growth of <jats:italic>S. sanguinis</jats:italic>, whereas the growth of <jats:italic>S. mutans</jats:italic> was unaffected. However, pretreatment of surfaces with cocoa polyphenol pentamer (35 μM) reduced biofilm formation by <jats:italic>S. mutans</jats:italic> at 4 and 24 h, whereas the effects on <jats:italic>S. sanguinis</jats:italic> were less consistent. In contrast, brief exposure of preformed biofilms to pentamer either had no significant effect or resulted in increased counts of <jats:italic>S. mutans</jats:italic> under certain conditions. Cocoa polyphenol pentamer (500 <jats:italic>µ</jats:italic>M) significantly reduced the terminal pH, and inhibited the rate of acid production by <jats:italic>S. mutans</jats:italic> at pH 7.0. In conclusion, cocoa polyphenols can reduce biofilm formation by <jats:italic>S. mutans</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. sanguinis</jats:italic>, and inhibit acid production by <jats:italic>S. mutans</jats:italic>.</jats:p>","journal":"European Journal of Oral Sciences","year":2006,"id":630434,"datarank":0.7050720548688626,"base_score":4.700480365792417,"endowment":4.700480365792417,"self_citation_contribution":0.7050720548688626,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7050720548688626,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":109,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1633227,"name":"Deirdre A. Devine","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1633228,"name":"Monty S. Duggal","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1633229,"name":"Sylvie Chartron","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325064,"name":"Philip D. Marsh","orcid":"0000-0002-1203-4457","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1633226,"name":"Rimondia S. Percival","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-05T21:16:33.291994Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}