{"doi":"10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x","title":"New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C<sub>4</sub> origins","abstract":"<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Grasses rank among the world’s most ecologically and economically important plants. Repeated evolution of the C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> syndrome has made photosynthesis highly efficient in many grasses, inspiring intensive efforts to engineer the pathway into C<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> crops. However, comparative biology has been of limited use to this endeavor because of uncertainty in the number and phylogenetic placement of C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> origins.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We built the most comprehensive and robust molecular phylogeny for grasses to date, expanding sampling efforts of a previous working group from 62 to 531 taxa, emphasizing the C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>‐rich PACMAD (Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae, Aristidoideae and Danthonioideae) clade. Our final matrix comprises <jats:italic>c.</jats:italic> 5700 bp and is &gt; 93% complete.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>For the first time, we present strong support for relationships among all the major grass lineages. Several new C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> lineages are identified, and previously inferred origins confirmed. C<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> evolutionary transitions have been highly asymmetrical, with 22–24 inferred origins of the C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> pathway and only one potential reversal.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our backbone tree clarifies major outstanding systematic questions and highlights C<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> sister taxa for comparative studies. Two lineages have emerged as hotbeds of C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> evolution. Future work in these lineages will be instrumental in understanding the evolution of this complex trait.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n</jats:list></jats:p>","journal":"New Phytologist","year":2012,"id":606474,"datarank":0.9395097393887437,"base_score":6.263398262591624,"endowment":6.263398262591624,"self_citation_contribution":0.9395097393887437,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.9395097393887437,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":524,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C<sub>4</sub> origins","abstract":"<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Grasses rank among the world’s most ecologically and economically important plants. Repeated evolution of the C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> syndrome has made photosynthesis highly efficient in many grasses, inspiring intensive efforts to engineer the pathway into C<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> crops. However, comparative biology has been of limited use to this endeavor because of uncertainty in the number and phylogenetic placement of C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> origins.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We built the most comprehensive and robust molecular phylogeny for grasses to date, expanding sampling efforts of a previous working group from 62 to 531 taxa, emphasizing the C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>‐rich PACMAD (Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae, Aristidoideae and Danthonioideae) clade. Our final matrix comprises <jats:italic>c.</jats:italic> 5700 bp and is &gt; 93% complete.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>For the first time, we present strong support for relationships among all the major grass lineages. Several new C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> lineages are identified, and previously inferred origins confirmed. C<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> evolutionary transitions have been highly asymmetrical, with 22–24 inferred origins of the C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> pathway and only one potential reversal.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our backbone tree clarifies major outstanding systematic questions and highlights C<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> sister taxa for comparative studies. Two lineages have emerged as hotbeds of C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> evolution. Future work in these lineages will be instrumental in understanding the evolution of this complex trait.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n</jats:list></jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":6.263398262591624,"endowment":6.263398262591624,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"22115274","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2240405888","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"European Commission","grant_id":"252568","title":"Evolvability and drivers of photosynthetic transitions in flowering plants"}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":55.1446,"citation_percentile":0.99940463,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":24},{"year":2013,"count":27},{"year":2014,"count":53},{"year":2015,"count":52},{"year":2016,"count":52},{"year":2017,"count":42},{"year":2018,"count":37},{"year":2019,"count":30},{"year":2020,"count":38},{"year":2021,"count":39},{"year":2022,"count":39},{"year":2023,"count":38},{"year":2024,"count":27},{"year":2025,"count":20},{"year":2026,"count":5}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"Wiley Online Library User Agreement","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.2011.03972.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22115274","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/172301","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_BB622F7740B2","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2262/73271","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x","host_type":""},{"url":"http://people.tcd.ie/hodkinst","host_type":""},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x","host_type":""},{"url":"https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics","Plant Diversity and Evolution","Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","0301 basic medicine","0303 health sciences","03 medical and health sciences","Biological Evolution","Carbon","Photosynthesis","Phylogeny","Poaceae","Species Specificity"],"mesh_terms":["Carbon","Biological Evolution","Poaceae","Photosynthesis","Phylogeny","Species Specificity"],"keywords":["Phylogenetics","Biology","Clade","Phylogenetic tree","Tree of life (biology)","Taxon","Evolutionary biology","Comparative biology","Trait","Ecology","Genetics","Gene","570","500","Poaceae","Biological Evolution","Smart &amp; Sustainable Planet","Carbon","Species Specificity","Smart & Sustainable Planet","Genes & Society","Grasses","Photosynthesis","Phylogeny","Genes &amp; Society"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":2,"sdg_label":"2. 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