{"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02046.x","title":"Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane","abstract":"<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>Two genes in the rice genome were identified as those encoding the γ subunits, γ1 and γ2, of heterotrimeric G proteins. Using antibodies against the recombinant proteins for the α, β, γ1, and γ2 subunits of the G protein complexes, all of the subunits were proven to be localized in the plasma membrane in rice. Gel filtration of solubilized plasma membrane proteins showed that all of the α subunits were present in large protein complexes (about 400 kDa) containing the other subunits, β, γ1, and γ2, and probably also some other proteins, whereas large amounts of the β and γ (γ1 and γ2) subunits were freed from the large complexes and took a 60‐kDa form. A yeast two‐hybrid assay and co‐immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the β subunit interacted tightly with the γ1 and γ2 subunits, and so the β and γ subunits appeared to form dimers in rice cells. Some dimers were associated with the α subunit, because few β, γ1, and γ2 subunits were present in the 400‐kDa complexes in a rice mutant,<jats:italic>d1</jats:italic>, which was lacking in the α subunit. When a constitutively active form of the α subunit was prepared by the exchange of one amino acid residue and introduced into<jats:italic>d1</jats:italic>, the mutagenized subunit was localized in the plasma membrane of the transformants and took a free, and not the 400‐kDa, form.</jats:p>","journal":"The Plant Journal","year":2004,"id":687181,"datarank":0.7254422860427218,"base_score":4.836281906951478,"endowment":4.836281906951478,"self_citation_contribution":0.7254422860427218,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7254422860427218,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":125,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":25,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":218125,"name":"Tomohiro Mizutani","orcid":"0000-0002-8373-7969","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1752447,"name":"Hisanori Tamaki","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":157488,"name":"Hidehiko Kumagai","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1114674,"name":"Takehiro Kamiya","orcid":"0000-0003-3790-7119","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1795242,"name":"Ayumi Hirobe","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1712943,"name":"Yukiko Fujisawa","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1712942,"name":"Hisaharu Kato","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1712941,"name":"Yukimoto Iwasaki","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1795241,"name":"Chiyuki Kato","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Characterization of heterotrimeric G protein complexes in rice plasma membrane","abstract":"<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>Two genes in the rice genome were identified as those encoding the γ subunits, γ1 and γ2, of heterotrimeric G proteins. Using antibodies against the recombinant proteins for the α, β, γ1, and γ2 subunits of the G protein complexes, all of the subunits were proven to be localized in the plasma membrane in rice. Gel filtration of solubilized plasma membrane proteins showed that all of the α subunits were present in large protein complexes (about 400 kDa) containing the other subunits, β, γ1, and γ2, and probably also some other proteins, whereas large amounts of the β and γ (γ1 and γ2) subunits were freed from the large complexes and took a 60‐kDa form. A yeast two‐hybrid assay and co‐immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the β subunit interacted tightly with the γ1 and γ2 subunits, and so the β and γ subunits appeared to form dimers in rice cells. Some dimers were associated with the α subunit, because few β, γ1, and γ2 subunits were present in the 400‐kDa complexes in a rice mutant,<jats:italic>d1</jats:italic>, which was lacking in the α subunit. When a constitutively active form of the α subunit was prepared by the exchange of one amino acid residue and introduced into<jats:italic>d1</jats:italic>, the mutagenized subunit was localized in the plasma membrane of the transformants and took a free, and not the 400‐kDa, 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