{"doi":"10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00726.x","title":"Epidemiological and clinical interaction between HTLV‐1 and <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>","abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY</jats:title><jats:p>Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>is the most common human parasitic nematode that is able to complete a life cycle and proliferate within its host. The majority of patients with strongyloidiasis have an asymptomatic infection or mild disease. However, when autoinfection occurs, a high number of infecting larvae can gain access to the bloodstream by penetrating the colonic mucosa leading to a severe hyperinfection and the development of disseminated strongyloidiasis.</jats:italic></jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>The human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) predominantly infects T cells and induces spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of high levels of type 1 cytokines.</jats:italic> Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>patients with HTLV‐1 co‐infection have a modified immunological responses against parasite antigens and co‐infection has clinical implications for strongyloidiasis. The high production of IFN‐γ observed in patients co‐infected with HTLV‐1 and</jats:italic> Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>decreases the production of IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13 and IgE, molecules that participate in the host defence mechanism against helminths. Moreover, there is a decrease in the efficacy of treatment of</jats:italic> Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>in patients co‐infected with HTLV‐1. Alterations in the immune response against</jats:italic> Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>and the decrease in the efficacy of anti‐parasitic drugs are responsible for the increased prevalence of</jats:italic> Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>among HTLV‐1 infected subjects and make HTLV‐1 infection the most important risk factor for disseminated strongyloidiasis.</jats:italic></jats:p>","journal":"Parasite Immunology","year":2004,"id":599256,"datarank":0.8083607594724752,"base_score":5.389071729816501,"endowment":5.389071729816501,"self_citation_contribution":0.8083607594724752,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.8083607594724752,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":218,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1535812,"name":"A. Da Fonseca Porto","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1535811,"name":"E. M. Carvalho","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Epidemiological and clinical interaction between HTLV‐1 and <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>","abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY</jats:title><jats:p>Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>is the most common human parasitic nematode that is able to complete a life cycle and proliferate within its host. The majority of patients with strongyloidiasis have an asymptomatic infection or mild disease. However, when autoinfection occurs, a high number of infecting larvae can gain access to the bloodstream by penetrating the colonic mucosa leading to a severe hyperinfection and the development of disseminated strongyloidiasis.</jats:italic></jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>The human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) predominantly infects T cells and induces spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of high levels of type 1 cytokines.</jats:italic> Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>patients with HTLV‐1 co‐infection have a modified immunological responses against parasite antigens and co‐infection has clinical implications for strongyloidiasis. The high production of IFN‐γ observed in patients co‐infected with HTLV‐1 and</jats:italic> Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>decreases the production of IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13 and IgE, molecules that participate in the host defence mechanism against helminths. Moreover, there is a decrease in the efficacy of treatment of</jats:italic> Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>in patients co‐infected with HTLV‐1. Alterations in the immune response against</jats:italic> Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>and the decrease in the efficacy of anti‐parasitic drugs are responsible for the increased prevalence of</jats:italic> Strongyloides stercoralis <jats:italic>among HTLV‐1 infected subjects and make HTLV‐1 infection the most important risk factor for disseminated strongyloidiasis.</jats:italic></jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":5.389071729816501,"endowment":5.389071729816501,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"15771684","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2134142278","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.836,"citation_percentile":0.91259058,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":9},{"year":2013,"count":6},{"year":2014,"count":9},{"year":2015,"count":19},{"year":2016,"count":11},{"year":2017,"count":9},{"year":2018,"count":11},{"year":2019,"count":18},{"year":2020,"count":19},{"year":2021,"count":4},{"year":2022,"count":8},{"year":2023,"count":8},{"year":2024,"count":3},{"year":2025,"count":6},{"year":2026,"count":4}],"oa_status":"green","license":"other-oa","oa_locations":[{"url":"http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/4878","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/4878","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.0141-9838.2004.00726.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00726.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00726.x","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15771684","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:agregador.ibict.br.RI_UFBA:oai:192.168.11:11:ri/4878","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["T-cell and Retrovirus Studies","Viral Infections and Immunology Research","Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Humans","Strongyloidiasis","Human T-lymphotropic virus 1","HTLV-I Infections","Strongyloides stercoralis"],"keywords":["Strongyloides stercoralis","Strongyloidiasis","Strongyloides","Immunology","Biology","Immune system","Virology","Helminths"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-28T20:49:57.491245Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}