{"doi":"10.1111/irv.70022","title":"Incidence and Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization Among Unvaccinated Children","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with COVID-19 hospitalization among unvaccinated children. METHODS: Children aged 0- < 18 years, members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), were followed from March 1, 2020, until the earliest occurrence of: chart-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalization, disenrollment from KPNC, age 18 years, receipt of COVID-19 vaccine, death, or study end (December 31, 2022). We calculated the incidence rate of hospitalization by SARS-CoV-2 variant period and by age group. We determined risk factors for hospitalization using Poisson regression. We also conducted descriptive analyses of hospitalized cases. RESULTS: Among 1,107,799 children, 423 were hospitalized for COVID-19 during follow-up. The incidence of hospitalization increased with each new SARS-CoV-2 variant and was highest among children aged < 6 months. Among the < 6-month-olds, the incidence rate per 100,000 person-months was 7 during predelta, 13.3 during delta, and 22.4 during omicron. Black (RR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.33-3.16) and Hispanic children (RR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.34-2.46) and children with any comorbidities were at high risk of hospitalization (RR = 3.81, 95% CI: 2.94-4.95). Overall, 20.3% of hospitalized children were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), but ICU admission was 36.1% among 12- < 18-year-olds. The majority of ICU admits (91.8%) had no comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Children too young to be vaccinated had the highest incidence of COVID-19 hospitalization, while adolescents had the highest proportion of ICU admissions. To prevent severe disease in children and adolescents, everyone eligible should be vaccinated.","journal":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","year":2024,"id":447709,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8228,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":962896,"name":"Julius Timbol","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1020072,"name":"John Hansen","orcid":"0000-0001-7891-2673","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844216,"name":"Kristin Goddard","orcid":"0000-0001-8804-2958","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1266340,"name":"Evan Layefsky","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1266341,"name":"Pat Ross","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":844217,"name":"Bruce Fireman","orcid":"0000-0003-1652-985X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1265811,"name":"Dao M. Nguyen","orcid":"0000-0003-2247-9342","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1265812,"name":"Tara L. Greenhow","orcid":"0000-0002-3480-7895","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":360572,"name":"Nicola P. Klein","orcid":"0000-0003-1777-4814","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":453254,"name":"Ousseny Zerbo","orcid":"0000-0002-8380-6215","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:02:03.354708Z","pmid":"39428981","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}