{"doi":"10.1111/ipd.12771","title":"Caregivers’ report of HIV‐associated oral manifestations among HIV‐unexposed, exposed, and infected Kenyan children","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Few oral health studies have been conducted in HIV-exposed uninfected children, who, like their HIV-infected peers, have altered immunity and perinatal drug exposures. AIM: To compare caregiver' self-report of oral diseases, hygiene practices and utilization of routine dental care, between HIV-infected (HIV), HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU), and HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children in Kenya. DESIGN: This nested cross-sectional study was conducted at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Caregivers of 196 children (104 HIV-infected, 55 HEU, and 37 HUU) participated in this study. Using a validated questionnaire from the WHO and photographs of HIV-related oral lesions, we collected data on oral diseases and oral health practices. RESULTS: Caregivers of HIV-infected children reported at least one oral disease in their children (42%; HEU [27%]; HUU [17%; P = .008]). Oral candidiasis was the most common disease reported (HIV-infected [24%], HEU [5.5%], and HUU [2.8%; P < .05]). Baseline CD4% was associated with oral candidiasis (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.98). Only 16% of children had ever visited a dentist, and most initiated brushing after 3 years of age (83%). Nearly all (98%) caregivers desired a follow-up oral examination. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection/exposure and low CD4% were associated with increased odds of oral diseases. Most caregivers desired a follow-up oral examination for their children.","journal":"International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry","year":2020,"id":112089,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9537,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":438018,"name":"Arthur Kemoli","orcid":"0000-0002-1965-6486","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":421617,"name":"Sarah Benki‐Nugent","orcid":"0000-0002-3034-8257","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":530818,"name":"Daisy Chebet","orcid":"0000-0002-6375-602X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":530819,"name":"Laurén Gómez","orcid":"0000-0003-2731-0781","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":376369,"name":"Dalton Wamalwa","orcid":"0000-0002-5510-462X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299048,"name":"Grace John‐Stewart","orcid":"0000-0002-4301-1573","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":376370,"name":"Jennifer A. Slyker","orcid":"0000-0001-7095-8861","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":530817,"name":"Ana Lucía Seminario","orcid":"0000-0001-9742-136X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":24,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:13:09.353152Z","pmid":"33368736","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}