{"doi":"10.1111/ijd.16994","title":"Associations between hidradenitis suppurativa and asthma and allergic rhinitis: a case–control study in the <i>All of Us</i> research program","abstract":"Associations between hidradenitis suppurativa and asthma and allergic rhinitis: a case-control study in the All of Us research program Dear Editor, Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disorder in which hair follicle rupture leads to painful nodules, abscesses, draining sinus tracts, and scarring. 1Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are both allergic diseases with sensitization to allergens leading to inflammatory responses. 2While involving distinct immunologic mechanisms, HS shares some similar immune profiles with asthma and AR, and an association between HS and allergic diseases has been suggested. 3To investigate potential associations between HS and asthma and AR, we conducted an analysis in the All of Us research program (AoURP), a diverse US-based cohort supported by the National Institutes of Health that prioritizes recruitment of participants from demographic groups historically underrepresented in biomedical research.In this case-control study, disease status was identified using SNOMED codes.Smoking status and demographic data were collected from survey data.Body mass index (BMI) was assessed at enrollment.Four controls matched for age, gender, ethnicity, and race were found for each HS case using nearestneighbor propensity score matching with replacement.We used Pearson's v 2 test for categorical variables and one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables to compare comorbidities between cases and controls.Conditional logistic regression was performed with covariates of BMI, smoking, asthma, AR, eczema, food allergy, and eosinophilic esophagitis.Among 266,612 participants in AoURP with electronic health record data available, 1,653 HS cases (mean age: 46.80, SD: 14.18, 79.8% female) were identified with 6,612 matched controls (mean age: 46.82, SD: 14.29, 79.7% female) (Table 1).Cases and controls were well-matched by age, gender, ethnicity, and race (all P > 0.900).Compared to matched controls without HS, individuals with HS were more likely to have diagnoses of asthma (39.2% vs. 22.0%,P < 0.001) and AR (34.4% vs. 20.1%,P < 0.001).In multivariable analysis, HS was significantly associated with asthma (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.52-1.97,P < 0.001) and AR (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.47-1.92,P < 0.001) adjusting for BMI, smoking, eczema, food allergy, eosinophilic esophagitis, and AR or asthma respectively (Table 2).HS, asthma, and AR share some immunologic features that may contribute to their co-occurrence.While the exact pathogenesis of HS remains incompletely elucidated, Th17 cell infiltration into skin lesions and increased IL-17 signaling are recurring findings in HS. 1 Though asthma and AR are classically thought to be driven by Th2 activation, elevated IL-17 serum levels are similarly seen in both asthma and AR and correlate with increased disease severity. 2Type 2 immunity may also be involved in the pathogenesis of HS as type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which produce Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, are increased in HS skin compared to","journal":"International Journal of Dermatology","year":2023,"id":379400,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9646,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":520965,"name":"Jeffrey M. Cohen","orcid":"0000-0002-7709-0548","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":486694,"name":"Anna Eisenstein","orcid":"0000-0002-3932-5262","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1104810,"name":"Gloria F. Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-5643-2676","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":5,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:16:52.622552Z","pmid":"38108577","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}